According to Eq. 4.1, the induced dipole moment of an atom is proportional to the external field. This is a “rule of thumb,” not a fundamental law, and it is easy to concoct exceptions—in theory. Suppose, for example, the charge density of the electron cloud were proportional to the distance from the center, out to a radius R. To what power of E would p be proportional in that case? Find the condition on ρ(r ) such that Eq. 4.1 will hold in the weak-field limit.
Reference equation 4.1
p = αE.
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