For the bar electret of Prob. 4.11, make three careful sketches: one of P, one of E, and one of D. Assume L is about 2a. [Hint: E lines terminate on charges; D lines terminate on free charges.]
Reference prob 4.11
A short cylinder, of radius a and length L, carries a “frozen-in” uniform polarization P, parallel to its axis. Find the bound charge, and sketch the electric field (i) for L ≫ a, (ii) for L ≫ a, and (iii) for L ≈ a. [This is known as a bar electret; it is the electrical analog to a bar magnet. In practice, only very special materials—barium titanate is the most “familiar” example—will hold a permanent electric polarization. That’s why you can’t buy electrets at the toy store.]
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