Question

• Explain how research has evolved since the Florence Nightingale era.
• Discuss how research and EBP are different; include how you believe research supports EBP for nursing.
• Describe one past/historical unethical breach of research conduct; then, share how you would ensure the care of a study participant using one ethical or legal research consideration (guideline/principle). Thank you,

Answer 1

1. Nightingale - first nursing researcher, kept research statistics, dramatically improved soldier mortality in the Crimean War

Evolution of nursing research

1850's- Nightingale

little done until 1950's

1950's beginning of nursing journals

1986- NIH estabilished and NCRN

1993-NINR supports clinical and basic research

1980s and 1990s conference on research priorities in nursing science--CORP

2. Difference between research and EBP :-

Evidence Based Practice (EBP)

Integration of the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values

Interdisciplinary (broader than just a nursing perspective)

Based on the Synthesis of evidence on the topic

Clinical practice guidelines often written based on this evidence

RESEARCH STUDY :-

Broadly applicable (generalizable)

from a sample to a population

Benefits a population

Risks and benefits outlined to participants

Subject to external review/ control and informed consent used

Public dissemination of findings

(publication / conferences)

#. Research as "Evidence" for EBP

Nursing Perspective of Evidence -Based Practice (EBP)

Use of best scientific evidence (RESEARCH)

Integrated with clinical expertise (EXPERT CONCENSUS)

Incorporating consideration of patient values/ preferences (QUALITATIVE ELEMENTS)

Highest Level of Evidence: Randomized Controlled Trials

(or meta-analysis of these)

Skills Required to provide EBP:

Basic understanding of the research process

Skills to critically appraise research

The best example of unethical breach of research conduct participants is the Tuskegee sypillis study in which consent was taken from the participants but not the informed one .

#. I would ensure the care of a study participants by following the ethical considerations to be followed while conducting a research like informed consent , beneficence , respect for privacy, respect for anonymity , maintaining confidentiality etc .