Question

Can you explain what organizations and management are from the perspectives of positivism, societal constructionism, postmodernism, and critical realism. You have to write in detail after reviewing relevant materials from any source. 2 pages and can you ppease attach the source.

Answer 1

Positivism meaning under “ Organization and management “ --- Positivism in contemporary literature is seen in Intellectual domain as an attempt to borrow the natural science methods to explain and predict social phenomena . One of the basis element of positivism is that social and natural science have the same goals and use the same methodology . Positivism introduced the use of scientific methods of research to solve socio economic problem.

The positivist approach is to explain the current condition and predict any change of the future conditions to control them . There are two important principles of positivism to isolate , analyse and understand the cause of human behaviour.

societal constructionism and postmodernism-

A World in change – The world is going through crucial transformation – Globalization, Technology revolution , post industrial economy – all of which are affecting the status of how society functions. The global economy is becoming less manufacture and move to “service economy “ and experience economy .

The new societal setting is directly affecting the Organizational landscape , urging new ways of organizing the work environment , its practice and the people involved .

Social – technical advancement are said to be among the first providers of a paradigmatic shift in society , increasing technology to value creation

New organization structure encourage new understanding process of value creation .The shift to Service dominant logic indicates a more interactive value creation , where customers actively participate in the process of creating value .

Social construction is a theory with a philosophical framework that focuses on the process of understanding and addressing social change in the post modern society .This approach is always fluid and dynamic

Social construction has been influenced by different psychology, philosophical and social perspective . Social construction perspective have been used to support a variety of practices in the fields of education, health care community work , conflict resolution and Organizations .

The constructionist statement invites other forms of evaluating knowledge production , which goes beyond a focus on individual rationally and moves to creativity with the ability to generate involvement and promote change

From a social construction perspective, co creation can be a concept as well as a practice. According to social construction , creating space for dialogical conservation by making use of imagination increases the process of change through co creation of new possibility

Having a postmodern intangibility , social construction invites a review of some modern assumptions about knowledge production such as

1. Individual rationality
2. Empirical evaluation
3. Language as representation
4. The narrative of progress

Postmodern approach with epistemological assumptions that generates new methods for organization change . Dialogue , imagination and co creation are described not as theory approach but also practical approach that can be actualized .

Critical Realism ( CR) is a distinctive philosophy of social science and their implications for critical management studies (CMS)