Question

Quiz #3: Chapter 3 • Epidemiology: The Study of Disease, Injury & Death in the Community

1. Be able to define: epidemic, pandemic, endemic disease, descriptive studies, experimental studies

2. In the U.S., what was the life expectancy at birth for both sexes in 1900?

3. According to the chapter, around how many deaths were registered in the United States in 2013?

4. Incidence rates are important in the study of ACUTE diseases. Be able to WRTIE DOWN two examples of acute diseases provided in the chapter

5. Prevalence rates are important in the study of CHRONIC diseases. Be able to WRTIE DOWN all four examples of chronic diseases provided in the chapter

6. According to the chapter, what is the leading cause of death for all ages between 1 and 44 years?

7. According to the chapter, what is the leading cause of death for the 45- to 64-year-old age group?

8. The chapter provided a table with the life expectancy at birth for selected countries by sex in 2013. Which country had the LEAST discrepancy in years they would live between females and males? Which country had the MOST discrepancy in years they would live between females and males?

9. What mortality statistics, in particular, continues to be used to be the single most reliable indicator of a population’s health status?

10. The U.S Census is taken every how many years?

11. The chapter stated that African-Americans had more years of potential lives lost than Caucasians for two different causes of death. What are those causes of death?

Answer 1

1. Be able to define:

Epidemic: An unexpectedly large number of cases of an illness, specific health-related behaviour, or another health-related event in a particular population.

Pandemic: An outbreak of disease over a wide geographical area such as a continent.

Endemic disease: A disease that occurs regularly in a population as a matter of course.

Descriptive studies: A study that describes the extent of the disease in regard to the person, time, and place. It answers :

-Who” or Person; age, Sex, Ethnic, Race, Socioeconomic Status

-“When” or Time; Time of day, week, month, season, year, decades or incubation period

-“Where” or Place; country, state, county, street, urban or rural, domestic or foreign, institutional or non-institutional.

Experimental studies: It is the type of analytical study, where the experimenter allows exposure or intervention and follows the disease’s development.

2. In the U.S., what was the life expectancy at birth for both sexes in 1900?

Answer: 47.3

Life expectancy is the average number of years a person is expected to live from a certain age.

3. According to the chapter, around how many deaths were registered in the United States in 2013?

In 2013, a total of 2,596,993 resident deaths were registered in the United States

4. Incidence rates are important in the study of ACUTE diseases. Be able to WRITE DOWN two examples of acute diseases provided in the chapter

Acute diseases last 3 months or less.

Examples: common cold, influenza

5. Prevalence rates are important in the study of CHRONIC diseases. Be able to WRITE DOWN all four examples of chronic diseases provided in the chapter

Chronic diseases lasts 3 months or more.

Examples: Arthritis, heart disease, cancer, diabetes

6. According to the chapter, what is the leading cause of death for all ages between 1 and 44 years?

Unintentional injuries

7. According to the chapter, what is the leading cause of death for the 45- to 64-year-old age group?

Cancer

8. The chapter provided a table with the life expectancy at birth for selected countries by sex in 2013.

Which country had the LEAST discrepancy in years they would live between females and males?

Central African Republic : life expectancy at birth for Male 52 &female 50

and Congo life expectancy at birth for Male 58 & female 60. life expectancy at birth for

Which country had the MOST discrepancy in years they would live between females and males?

Latvia life expectancy at birth for is Male 69 and female 79

9. What mortality statistics, in particular, continues to be used to be the single most reliable indicator of a population’s health status?

Infant mortality statistic

10. The U.S Census is taken every how many years?

Every 10 years

11. The chapter stated that African-Americans had more years of potential lives lost than Caucasians for two different causes of death. What are those causes of death?

Years of potential lives lost (YPLL) is the Number of years lost when death occurs before the age of 65-75

In 2003, Black Americans experienced 12,897 premature deaths, almost twice as much as any other racial group.

Black is the highest ( overall has decreased over time), followed by white, Hispanic, then Asian