Question

12. What exactly, in your own words, is a lurking variable? Give an example. Voriable the alects a study that cvesht aticl pa How 13. Name one way (per class notes) in which you can eliminate bias within a study. does it do so? 14. Ratio, rate or proportion? AND why? Number of teenagers who were injured in car accidents in 2018/ Number of teenagers who were injured in vehicular accidents in 2018 a. Number of patients with sepsis in 2018/ Number of patients with tooth caries (decay) in 2018 b. 15. Who is a neonate? o xo 28 days not ineluding 2eth 16. What is the PRIMARY difference between prevalence and incidence? revalance is all cases while incidence onw ne Cases

Answer 1

Sol: 12) A lurking variable is a variable that is not included in the analysis and is not considered to be important that might affect the analysis, but it can actually affect the way we interpret the results of the analysis, specially the relationship between the dependent and independent variables we have considered for the analysis.

For example, Imagine a young boy on an airplane who makes an observation to his mother about the seatbelt sign and turbulence. He says, 'I wish they would stop turning on the seatbelt sign because it makes everything so bumpy!' Because one event consistently follows the other, the boy assumes causation - that the light coming on causes the bumpy ride. In reality, these two variables are correlated, but they are both responses to a third variable of which the boy is unaware (turbulence).

13) One of the most effective ways to eliminate bias is to use multiple people to code the data. This helps get rid of confirmation bias which occurs when a researcher forms a hypothesis or belief and uses respondents’ information to confirm that belief.

It removes the confirmation bias as if there is some consistency between a single researcher's interpretation and that of others, then it is more likely that there is some truth by agreement in their interpretations.