Question

1. Write out brief descriptions for the following diagnostic procedures: Laboratory tests, Radiography, MRI, Nuclear scanning, Ultrasound, and endoscopy.

Answer 1

LABORATORY TESTS: are medical devices that are used to analyse a sample of blood, urine or body tissues if the limits are within the normal range to diagnose a disease or to find out other conditions. The factors that affect lab test results are a) age b) sex c) race d) medical history e) general health f) medications g) specific foods and h) variations in laboratory techniques.

It is performed under sterile procedure and disposable supplies were used to perform these tests and separate tubes were used to carry out the samples.

RADIOGRAPHY: is an imaging techniques using an X-rays to view the internal form of an object. To create an image, a beam of X-rays are produced by an X-ray generator and are projected towards an object. This objects are then captured behind the object by a detector. This can be used to reveal the internal structure of the body on film, generally carried out by radiographers and analysed by radiologists.

MRI ( MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING) is a medical imaging technique in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and physiological processes of the body in both the health and diseases. It is a large tube that contains a strong magnetic fields, gradients and radio waves for the visualization of the body organs. It helps the doctors to diagnose how well the patient responded to treatment. It doesnot contain any radiation on body.

NUCLEAR SCANNING: is a non-invasive method and are usually painless medical tests that help physicians to diagnose and evaluate the medical conditions. It carried out as 2 parts. One is - intravenous injection and 2nd part is the scanning. Examples of diseases treated with nuclear medicine procedure are hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer, lymphomas and other bone pain related to cancers.

ULTRASOUND: is sound waves with frequent higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing. It uses highly-frequency sound waves to look at organs and structures inside the body. It helps the health professionals to view the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, liver, and other organs. It also used during pregnancy, to view the fetus. It doesnot contain any radiations on body.

ENDOSCOPY: used to visualize the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body. Unlike other medical imaging techniques, endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ. It used to diagnose and treat certain conditions that affects the upper part of the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach and beginning of the small intestine or duodenum.Vomiting or reflux is the main side effect of esophagus and helps to diagnose conditions like active bleeding from an ulcerative wounds etc.