The correct option would be
In this case, the problem solving and reading are perfect substitutes, meaning that if E is exam score and two axis are hours on problem (P) and reading (R), then for a given E (like a given utility level), there would be negatively sloped lines, points on which would give that exam score E given. This is analogous to the perfect substitute utility problem. The budget constraint would be linear as . The exact utility function can not be derived as there no mention of how many time it takes the student to read and to solve problem. But, the problems with perfect substitute always have corner solution, assuming slope of utility and budget constraint are different. A sample graph is as below. In the corner solutions, there would be one good (in this case P and R) be zero. That is happening only for the second option, and hence is the correct one.
As can be seen in this perfect substitute case, there is a budget constraint B, and different utility U's. The highest utility is U1 which is touching the budget constraint, and have the corner solution on budget constraint where X=0. If slope of U's were steeper than B, the corner solution would be on budget constraint where Y=0.
For U be the exam score, and B be the time constraint, and X be hours of reading and Y be hours of problem solved, the solution would be where X=0. We can be assured that the slope of E's are flatter than the budget constraint, as the other solution where Y (hours of problem solved) =0 is not in the options.
Later, the teaching assistant in Crystal's math course gives her some advice. "Based on past experience,...
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