Question

THINK ABOUT 3-1

a. Explain why sublingual administration is faster than oral administration.

b. How would severe kidney or liver damage affect blood levels of a drug?

c. Describe three types of adverse reactions.

THINK ABOUT3-2

a. Explain why drugs are classified legally into different schedules.

b. What is the effect on patients when a breakthrough in scientific research is announced in the media?

THINK ABOUT

3-3 Describe three ways Asian medicine differs from Western medical practices.

THINK ABOUT 4-1

Trace the pathway of a pain impulse originating from stubbed toe by drawing a simple diagram and labeling the parts.

THINK ABOUT 4-2

a. Describe your response to a sudden severe pain in your own experience; for example, an injury.

Describe your physical response and your emotional reaction.

b. Using your knowledge of normal physiology, list the effects of increased sympathetic nervous system stimulation on body function and muscle tone.

c. Suggest how monitoring for sympathetic nervous system changes assist you in evaluating a person’s level of pain.

THINK ABOUT 4-3

Briefly describe three methods of “closing the gate” and reducing pain.

THINK ABOUT 4-4

a. From your own experience, describe a sharp pain, an aching pain, and a

cramping pain.

b. List factors that often make pain seem more severe.

c. Differentiate the pain threshold from pain tolerance.

THINK ABOUT 4-5

Compare the characteristics of acute and chronic pain.

THINK ABOUT 4-6

Compare the signs of a migraine headache with those of a tension headache.

Please answer step by step this course is pathophysiology for the health professions fifth edition thanks in advance.

Answer 1

a. Sublingual administration:

Under the tongue the blood supplies are more, high vascularity is seen in under tongue than gastro intestinal tract. So sublingual administration are faster than oral medications.

b. Yes, severe liver and kidney diseases affect the blood levels of drugs, because this major organ involved in metabolism and excretion of drugs.

c. Adverse reaction:

Type A: Augmented adverse reactions

Type B: Bizarre adverse reactions

Type C: chemical adverse reaction.

Explain why drug classified:

Comprehensive drug addict prevention act: initiates the clarification of drugs to prevent the drug abuse.

Answered 4 questions as per cgegg norm.