Question

6. For the following pairs indicate which is the stronger nucleophile and briefly, why you came to that conclusion 2. Water HOVs Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (0.5) b. Potassium iodide (Kl) vs Potassium Fluoride (KF) (0.5) Sodium methoxide (NaOCH) Vs. Sodium tert-butoxide (NaOCICH) (0.5) 7. A. If the concentration of an S. 1 reaction is doubled what happens to the rate of the reaction? 10.25) B. in an 52 reaction, when the concentration of the 1-bromopentane is doubled, what happens to the rate of the reaction? (0.25) C. In an S2 reaction, if the concentrations of the 1-bromopentane and the nucleophile, sodium acetate, are both doubled, what happens to the rate of the reaction? (0.25) 8. Name the alkenes below utilizing IUPAC and EZ nomenclature. 2.25)

Answer 1

solution: (6) ② NaOH is stronger nucleophile than H2O because hydroxide. ion (-OH) is much more nucleophilic than a water molecule because the negatively charged oxygen on the hydroxide ion rries greater electron density than the oxygen atom of a I can center. neutral water molecule High electr e easily attack on electrophilic (6 k I is stronger nucleophile than ka KF because * Fluorine (F) is more electronegative than iodine - Because of its high tronegativity, it strongly pulls electron toward it self and do not give electron. But incase of iodine, it is less electronegative than fluorine large * Iodine is bigger in size than fluorine Because of its bigger Tarye in size iodine electron density away from its nucleus. hus it can easily give electron but in case of fluorine because of It's small size ,its electron density tightly close to its nucleus and can not give electron. All these reson's KI stronger nucleophile than KF. sodium-tert-butoxide Não + Buoo stronger nucleophile than sodium methoxide (NUOCHg). t o u sodium tert-butoxide have three methyl group. This three methyl group electron donating inductive effect helt I) and incrense electron density on oxygen alom. But Nuocthy have only one-CH₃ group Because of these reson a stronger nucleophile than Nao (H 3.