Question

1. Describe and consider implications for clinical management of SLE disease for the typical patient. What would you prescribe and why?

2. Characterize medicine’s best attempt for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Justify or reject the use of medications to maintain the quality of life.

3. Compare and evaluate types of hypersensitivity and determine which type is most severe, justify your selection.

Answer 1

1, Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease with many organ involvements. Secondary and tertiary prevention prevents complications by organ damage including skin, hematology, kidney, brain, lungs and cardiac, musculoskeletal, etc. Implications of clinical management of SLE primarily involve a patient with physical activity, smoking cessation, weight control, healthy lifestyle, immunization, early screening. Drugs like antihypertensives, hypoglycemic agents, lipid-lowering agents, anticoagulants, calcium supplements will benefit. prescribing antimalarial medication like hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine for lupus improve the lupus symptoms and side-effects also mild.
2, NSAID drugs and immunosuppressants are the best attempts for the treatment of autoimmune disease.
NSAID has a character of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects used for autoimmune disease by blocking cyclooxygenase enzymes and also inhibits the inflammatory response.
Immunosuppressants act on T-lymphocytes and prevent T cell activation. it is an antirejection medication action, it suppresses the body cell-mediated and human immune responses. Bactrim and Septra are antibiotics as sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, it has sun sensitivity and lowers the blood count in lupus. It should be rejected to maintain the quality of life.
3, Hypersensitivity reactions in immune mechanism:
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction involves immunoglobulin E(IgE) antibody it against the antigen and increases mast cell degranulation.
Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction involves IgG and IgM antibodies against an antigen, make cell damage due to other immune system effectors.
Type 3 hypersensitivity involves IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies with antigen to complex the immune system. due to the accumulation of complex tissue leads to cell damage by the immune system effectors.
Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction involves T cell-mediated and tissue damage by hyperactive macrophages and cytotoxic T cells.
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction is more severe because it includes anaphylaxis, it is life-threatening and cause death with the onset of signs and symptoms. It has an allergy response when exposing to allergens. activation of B cell-specific TH2cell response from cytokines interleukin and IL-13 results with clonal proliferation, plasma cell difference, antibody class changes from the production of IgE and IgM.