Question

Just try to answer the math parts of the questions, thanks.

Medical Study Problem: Make sure that all members of your team understand this important application of traditional statistics. A medical study compared the success rates of two treatments for kidney stones. Each treatment was applied to two groups of people – one group in which each subject had a small stone and one group in which each subject had a large stone. Based on various numbers of patients in each case, the ‘average’ success rates were:

Recall the example of course grade averages based on year or based on course modules in the section in RDBN on “The Danger of Averages” (RDBN Chap 1, p. 18), where the hidden variable or cause was the number of modules completed each year by each student. In this example, the hidden variable and influence or cause is similarly the number of patient data in each case. In the table below that shows the patient data, the upper number of each fraction is the number of successes, and the lower number of each fraction is the total number of cases (patients) for the data of this medical study. This is an example of the relative frequency of occurrence, n/N, which we discussed in class. Using a System approach to calculate all data together, fill in the table below by converting the fractions that estimate point probabilities to success percentages and compare with the values in the table above. For the 4th column, “Both Small, Large”, fill in the n/N fraction and the corresponding percentage as with the other columns.

) Explain or show how the averages in the first table (above at the beginning of this problem) 4th column were calculated. Was the POI (principle of indifference) assumed in this calculation? c) Explain and show using n/N how you calculated the averages in the second table 4th column. Using n/N: d) Compare the percentages in the 4th column of each table and explain why they are different based on how they were calculated. Based on this data, is Treatment A superior to Treatment B? Why or why not? State your reasons. 7 e) State briefly what is needed or what should be done to resolve with more confidence the question of effectiveness of Treatments A and B for small stones and for large stones.

6. Medical Study Problem: Make sure that all members of your team understand this important application of traditional statistics A medical study compared the success rates of two treatments for kidney stones. Each treatment was applied to two groups of people- one group in which each subject had a small stone and one group in which each subject had a large stone. Based on various numbers of patients in each case, the 'average' success rates were Small stones | 93% | 87% Overall Average 83% 78% Large stones Treatment A Treatment B 6990 a) Recall the example of course grade averages based on year or based on course modules in the section in RDBN on "The Danger of Averages" (RDBN Chap 1, p. 18), where the hidden variable or cause was the number of modules completed each year by each student. In this example, the hidden variable and influence or cause is similarly the number of patient data in each case In the table below that shows the patient data, the upper number of each fraction is the number of successes, and the lower number of each fraction is the total number of cases (patients) for the data of this medical study. This is an example of the relative frequency of occurrence, n/N, which we discussed in class. Using a System approach to calculate all data together, fill in the table below by converting the fractions that estimate point probabilities to success percentages and compare with the values in the table above For the 4th column, "Both Small, Large", fill in the n/N fraction and the corresponding percentage as with the other columns. Both Small, Lar Treatment A Treatment B Small stones 81/87- 234/270- 192/263- b) Explain or show how the averages in the first table (above at the beginning of this problem) 4th column were calculated. Was the POI (principle of indifference) assumed in this calculation? c) Explain and show using n/N how you calculated the averages in the second table 4th column. Using n/N d) Compare the percentages in the 4th column of each table and explain why they ane different based on how they were calculated. Based on this data, is Treatment A superior to Treatment B? Why or why not? State your reasons e) State briefly what is needed or what should be done to resolve with more confidence the question of effectiveness of Treatments A and B for small stones and for large stones.

Answer 1