Question

1. What is an emulsion? How would an emulsion form during a liquid/liquid extraction?

2. Draw the structure for caffeine. What part of caffeine is basic?

3. What form is caffeine in when dissolved in soda? Draw the structure.

Answer 1

Emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible or unblendable
o Emulsion • Emulsion ů a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible or • unblendable. Also in ühich one liquid • is present was droplets of microscopic size, • which is distributed throughout the otheri . So, we can say that an emulsion is de • type of colloid formed by combining two li- • quids that are immiscible. . • The word "* Emulsion" is derived from the hatin word "Mulgeo" which means sto milk" & Milk is an emulsion with fat particles dis- e persed in an aqueals medium... • following are some examples of Emulsion : 0 Egg yolk . •2 Butter (emulsion of water in fat) 3 Oil and later mintures. . Milk 05 Mayonnaise (emulsion of oil in water)

Liquid-Liquid Extraction of is also known as Soluent extraction It consist of the transfer of a solute from one solvent to another, and two soluente leeing immiscible. Usually one salient is water and other solvent Organic liquid. Marinly it in volues enetraetion of a solute from binary solution by bringing it into confciel with a inmiscible soluent in which the solute is soluble. As a no L Seperating fonnel Soluent is Chusen A so that the solule in ( oil (Phase 2) solution has more water (Phase 1) incuffinity towards the - funnel, Top added soluent ū i Emulsion formation during liquid-liquid Extraction' Emulsion is formed during the liquid liquid extraction when some dissolued materials in the extraction cause the mutual solubility o

• of the two layers to increase. Kuring the estruction emulsions usually occur • when sumple contains high amount of surfactants like fatty acids, proteins, triglycerides etc. The surfactant molecules will have mutual Solubility in the aqueous and Organic solvents, which results in the formation of an emulsion, Emulsion is formed in mid-zone between the two phases, where there io a Intermediate solubility in each o of two phases and hence making it difficult to collect one phase.