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Explain why you would use NaOH for a liquid-liquid extraction of 2-phenylphenol. Explain in terms of...

Explain why you would use NaOH for a liquid-liquid extraction of 2-phenylphenol. Explain in terms of intermolecular interactions, pH and compound structure.

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Answer #1

The structure of 2-phenylphenol is shown below.

2-phenylphenol is soluble in organic solvents (such as ether, methylene dichloride, acetone etc). 2-phenylphenol is water insoluble.

A mixture of 2-phenylphenol and other organic impurities is dissolved in suitable organic solvent.

Aqueous NaOH solution is added and shaken thoroughly for mixing.

2-phenylphenol is a weak acid. It reacts with NaOH to form sodium salt. 2-phenylphenol is water insoluble but sodium salt of 2-phenylphenol is water soluble.

Water insoluble 2-phenylphenol is covalent compound. Water soluble sodium salt of 2-phenylphenol is an ionic compound. Water is polar solvent. It dissolves polar compounds and ionic compounds. Thus, when 2-phenylphenol is converted to sodium salt, it changes solubility from water insoluble to water soluble.

In acidic solution (pH<7), 2-phenylphenol is present as water insoluble covalent compound.

In basic solution (pH>7), 2-phenylphenol is present as water soluble ionic compound.

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