Question

Identify PICO statement from a nursing research article.

The article question and aim is "Do differences exist across CKD stages from 1 to 5 in patient activation(knowledge, skills and confidence necessary for daily SM of chronic conditions)?"

I found P: Adult patients with CKD and C: comparison activations in patients among 5 CKD stages.

However, I cannot find the I (intervention) and O (outcomes) for this research study.

Answer 1

PICO - is used to formulate clinical questions . It has four elements :-

- P stands for patient , population ,or target problem at hand

- I stands for intervention

- C stands for comparison

- O stands for outcome

The research article question and aim is "Do differences exist across CKD stages from 1 to 5 in patient activation ( knowledge, skills, and confidence necessary for daily SM of chronic conditions)

Here in this case , P is the participants - adult patient's with CKD

I is interventions - data collected from the patients who were recieving treatment for CKD like hemodialysis and from other patients who were no t receiving hemodialysis and analyses it to find the difference in patient activation and health related quality of life , knowledge , skills ,and confidence in managing CKD across all 5 stages .

C is comparison - comparison of patient activation ( knowledge, skills , confidence ) among 5 CKD stages .

O is outcome - analyses indicated that half the patients were female and participants with stage 3 CKD were most activated.