Question

1. Explain the normal physiologic changes that a female undergoes when she is pregnant 2. A student nurse is assigned a pregnant patient to interview. Explain what the Obstetric history should include 3. Explain a non-stress test for a pregnant woman. List the nursing interventions. 4. What is fetal alcohol syndrome? Describe the signs and symptoms of a fetus with this condition 5. For each of the following diseases or conditions, explain how they could complicate a pregnancy l Blood disorders like sickle cell disease l Chronic kidney disease I Depression or anxiety I High blood pressure I HIV or AIDS I Lupus I Maternal age Obesity I Thyroid disease I Type 1 or type 2 diabetes

Answer 1

1)When a women is pregnant a lot of physiological changes occurs in the mother. The majority of changes occurs in the

• hormones ( increased parathyroid hormone ,cortisol level, thyroid hormones namely T3 and T4,FSH,LH,pancreatic insulin secretion leading to gestational diabetes)
• The breast undergoes The first physiological change leading to increase in size,pain,tender,breast leakage in third term
• Cardiovascular, there will be an increased cardiac demand to meet the the need of growing fetus,Edema occurs in feet due to circulatory movements
• Increase in body weight gradually 2 kg per month at the end of the trimester the mother roughly weighs 12.5 kg
• The protein metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism are affected to meet the demand
• Gastrointestinal : nausea,vomiting (morning sickness),loose motion or constipation, indigestion,increased saliva secretion
• Musculoskeletal ,the physical changes like posture changes
• Respiratory, the oxygen demand is increased certain women may have difficulty in breathing due to growing foetus

2)The following obstetrics history should be included

• Personal history (name, age)
• Gestational history ,past obstetric history
• any abortions and complication
• Medical history(past and present)
• Surgical history (past and present )
• Dietary history
• Vaccinations
• Antenatal registration and visits
• Vital signs with weight has to be recorded.

3)NST or Non stress test is used to monitor the baby's heart rate, movement and contraction. The nursing intervention ,prepare th epithet,explain the procedure,monitor the heart rate and report any changes to the physician

4)The foetal alcohol syndrome occurs when the mother consumes alcohol during pregnancy.The symptoms includes facial appearances ,short height,decreased body weight,small head size,low intelligence, behaviour problem,coordination problem,cardiac issues,joint anomalies, strabismus,cleft lip or cleft palate,horseshoe kidney or hypoplastic kidney