Question

Maggie and Mark are embarking on weight loss programs that include dietary changes and increased physical activity but have differing opinions on which is the best diet plan to use. Maggie chooses the 1,500 kcalorie/day Mediterranean Diet after reading about the health benefits conveyed by this diet. Mark is not fond of most vegetables and thinks that carbohydrate is the nutrient that causes weight gain and health issues. He believes that the Atkins 40 diet is a good fit for him because he can eat the “man food” he loves. Following is a one-day menu for Maggie and Mark.

Mediterranean Diet Meal Plan Here's a day of typical meals on a 1,500-calorie Mediterranean diet from Oldways. Breakfast 6 ounces Greek yogurt topped with 1/2 cup strawberries and 1 teaspoon honey 1 slice whole-grain toast with half mashed avocado Lunch 1 whole-grain pita with 2 tablespoons hummus and stuffed with 1 cup fresh greens and 2 slices tomatoes 1 cup minestrone soup 1 medium orange Water with 1 lemon wedge Snack 1/8 cup sliced almonds 1/8 cup peanuts Dinner Salad: • 1/2 cup arugula • 1/2 cup baby spinach • 1 tablespoon shaved Parmesan cheese • 1 tablespoon vinaigrette dressing 3-ounce salmon topped with 1 teaspoon tarragon and 1 teaspoon mustard over 1/2 cup couscous, 1/2 cup zucchini and 4 spears asparagus 5 fluid Ounces red wine (optional) Dessert Small bunch grapes 1/2 cup lemon sorbet

Atkins 40 Meal Plan Breakfast: 2 egg omelets with cheese, tomatoes, onions, and bell peppers, coffee with cream and Splenda. Snack: A handful of nuts Lunch: Cobb salad with ham, cheese, hard boiled eggs, bacon, and Ranch dressing, herbal tea with Splenda. Snack: ½ fresh peach in ½ cup of cottage cheese Dinner: Grilled steak and vegetables, side salad with Blue cheese dressing, diet soda. Snack: Popcorn with butter

Question 1: Identify and describe the types of types of fats found in each meal and compare the predominant types of fat in each to determine whether there is a difference in the “quality of fat” for each diet. Is one meal healthier than the other when it comes to the fat content? Explain your conclusion. Support your answer with data, facts, key terminology, specific examples and other information drawn from the textbook and at least one other supplemental source.

After enduring many episodes of painful gallstones, Zachary’s doctor advised him to have his gallbladder removed. After surgery, Zachary was given printed post-operative instructions on his diet that included advice to eat smaller, more frequent meals and avoid a large fat load in any one meal, which he set aside. In his post-op visit to his doctor, he was told that he could have any amount of fat he could tolerate and took this to mean that he could resume his normal diet. The next Friday as Zachary was bowling in his league, he ordered his usual double cheese burger and onion rings. About an hour later, Zachary had to sprint to the restroom and spent the rest of the evening there dealing with diarrhea.

Question 2: Explain how fat is digested in the body, including in your answer the digestive fluids necessary to breakdown fat, the organs that produce them and where they’re added in the digestive tract. How did Zachary’s surgery affect the fat digestive process and cause his diarrhea? Support your answer with data, facts, key terminology, specific examples and other information drawn from the textbook and at least one other supplemental source.

Answer 1

Answer 1

Mediterranean Diet: It consist of Polyunsaturated fatty acids, Monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fats. When comparing the availability of healthy fats, this diet is rich sources of healthy fat such as the Polyunsaturated fatty acids, Monounsaturated fatty acids in larger quantity. whereas the saturated and trans fat is found to be very minimal.

Atkins meal: it consist of saturated fat, Polyunsaturated fatty acids, Monounsaturated fatty acids. This diet largely composed of saturated fats in larger amount which is not good for health. Healthy fats such as Polyunsaturated fatty acids and Monounsaturated fatty acids found to be very minimal

Answer 2

Digestion of Fat begins from stomach by gastric lipase, but here smaller amount of fat is being digested.

The actual digestion happens in duodenum of small intestine where the bile salts acts on the fat and it emulsify or breakdown the larger fat molecules in to smaller molecules. later pancreatic lipase acts on these fat and convert it in to monoglycerides and diglycerides, later in to fatty acids and get absorbed.

Bile salts were produced by the liver by hepatocytes and stored in gall bladder later after fatty meal it is poured in to the second part of duodenum through bile duct. Pancreatic lipase were produced by pancreas.

After surgery of Gall bladder, the availability of concentrated bile is not available for the digestion of fat. hence this produce diarrhea and undigested fats eliminated.