Question

#8 & 11

8. Name the type of nonsampling error AND why you selected this type. Participants in a study are asked to eat drink 64 ounces of water daily and record their output of urine daily, 50% of the participants noted a lighter color of urine. a. A researcher cannot find a correlation regarding his/her original research question. When publishing the research, he/she focuses on the side effects experienced by the participants. b. 9. Why might a reader prefer a Pareto graph rather than a bar graph? Sored nto arder to SMalest Ca t Si2e est- 10. What is the main difference between a bar graph and a histogram? 11. Name the type of observational study (cohort, retrospective, prospective, cross- sectional) AND why you selected this type. A Respiratory Therapist is trying to establish a correlation between ages of patients and pneumonia. He/she decides to review patient charts beginning on the first day of the study. a. b. A Respiratory Therapy is trying to establish a correlation between ages of patients and pneumonia. He/she randomly selects 50 patients who do not currently have pneumonia. Cohort.oit study sample size as time Posses to see is a Patents develop moni aa

Answer 1

8.A. It is a Response Error.

Response error (Standard Definition): This refers to a type of error caused by respondents intentionally or accidentally providing inaccurate responses. This occurs when concepts, questions or instructions are not clearly understood by the respondent; when there are high levels of respondent burden and memory recall required; and because some questions can result in a tendency to answer in a socially desirable way (giving a response which they feel is more acceptable rather than being an accurate response).

This is a Response Error because the lightness of the colour of urine is a subjective question and may differ from person to person.

B. Tabulation Error

Standard Definition: These errors occur at the tabulation stage due to various reasons, e.g., inadequate scrutiny of data, errors in processing the data, errors in publishing the tabulated results, graphs etc

As the researcher is not tabulating the data honestly it is a Tabulation error.

11. A. Retrospective Study

Standard Definition: Observes population in the present by using a sample survey and collects information about the sample about the occurrence of specific outcomes that have already taken place.

Patient chart is the history of the patient and thus the investigator is trying to build the link between age and pneumonia by looking at the history of a patient it is a retrospective study.

B. Cohort Study

Standard Definition: Follow a group of subjects forward in time to observe the differences in characteristics of subjects who develop a disease with those who do not.

Case in B falls very well within the above definition