Let Xo, X1,... be a Markov chain with transition matrix 1(0 1 0 P 2 0 0 1 for 0< p< 1. Let g be a function defined by g(x) =亻1, if x = 1, if x = 2.3. , Let Yn = g(x,), for n 0. Show that Yo, Xi, is not a Markov chain.
6. Define a relation on the plane by setting (xo, yo) < (x1, yı) if either yo - xz <yı - xy, or yo - xz = yı - xị and xo < X1. Show that this is an order relation on the plane and describe it geometrically.
5. Let Xo, X1,... be a Markov chain with state space S 1,2, 3} and transition matrix 0 1/2 1/2 P-1 00 1/3 1/3 1/3/ and initial distribution a-(1/2,0,1/2). Find the following: (b) P(X 3, X2 1)
The answer is one of the
following:
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5. Let Xo, X1,... be a Markov chain with state space S- 11,2,3] and transition matrix 0 1/2 1/2 P-1100 1/3 1/3 1/3 and initial distribution a (1/2,0, 1/2). Find the following: (a) P(X2=1 | X1-3) (b) P(X1 = 3, X2-1) Answers (in random order): 0.6,-2,-1,0, 1,2),5/36, 19/64,15/17.1/3 1-p p 1-p 0 1 00 0 1-p 0 114 0 3/4 1/21/2), 2/31/3). 0 1-p 0 p 0 1-p...
Expectation
Confidence Internal Mylxo Yo-Xo B = xo b where to = (1, Xo, Xoz, ... Xok) prove Yo - Xo By is to distribution with df=n-kal Derive 100 (1-2)%. C. I. for Mylxo = x B. 3.8.1 C.I. FOR THE EXPECTATION OF A PREDICTED VALUE Let x'o = (200, 201, ..., Cox) represent a set of values of the independent variables, where too = 1 if an intercept is present. Then the predicted value of y at the point...
1. Let Xn be a Markov chain with states S = {1, 2} and transition matrix ( 1/2 1/2 p= ( 1/3 2/3 (1) Compute P(X2 = 2|X0 = 1). (2) Compute P(T1 = n|Xo = 1) for n=1 and n > 2. (3) Compute P11 = P(T1 <0|Xo = 1). Is state 1 transient or recurrent? (4) Find the stationary distribution à for the Markov Chain Xn.
Let X0,X1,... be a Markov chain whose state space is Z (the
integers).
Recall the Markov property: P(Xn = in | X0 = i0,X1 = i1,...,Xn−1
= in−1) = P(Xn = in | Xn−1 = in−1), ∀n, ∀it. Does the following
always hold: P(Xn ≥0|X0 ≥0,X1 ≥0,...,Xn−1 ≥0)=P(Xn ≥0|Xn−1 ≥0)
?
(Prove if “yes”, provide a counterexample if “no”)
Let Xo,Xi, be a Markov chain whose state space is Z (the integers). Recall the Markov property: P(X,-'n l Xo-io, Xi...
3. Let U1, U2,. be a sequence of independent Ber(p) random variables. Define Xo 0 and Xn+1-Xn +2Un-1, 1,2,.. (a) Show that X, n 0,1,2, is a Markov chain, and give its transition graph. (b) Find EX and Var(X) c)Give P(X
(a) Suppose that Xi, X2,... are independent and identically distributed random variables each taking the value 1 with probability p and the value-1 with probability 1-p For n 1,2,..., define Yn -X1 + X2+ ...+Xn. Is {Yn) a Markov chain? If so, write down its state space and transition probability matrix. (b) Let Xı, X2, ues on [0,1,2,...) with probabilities pi-P(X5 Yn - min(X1, X2,.. .,Xn). Is {Yn) a Markov chain and transition probability matrix. be independent and identically distributed...
A Markov chain X0, X1, X2,... has transition matrix
012
0 0.3 0.2 0.5
P = 1 0.5 0.1 0.4 .2 0.3 0.3 0.4
(i) Determine the conditional probabilities P(X1 = 1,X2 = 0|X0 =
0),P(X3 = 2|X1 = 0).
(ii) Suppose the initial distribution is P(X0 = 1) = P(X0 = 2) =
1/2. Determine the probabilities P(X0 = 1, X1 = 1, X2 = 2) and P(X3
= 0).
2. A Markov chain Xo, Xi, X2,. has...