Question

1.       Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics

2.       Principles of anti-microbial therapy

a.       Goal of antibiotic therapy

b.       Principles of Antibiotic Resistance

c. Organ specific toxicities = signs and symptoms

3.       Core drug knowledge / Core patient variables

a.       Penicillin = adverse effects, nursing interventions

b.      Cephalosporin: Cephalexin, Cefaclor = nursing interventions

c.       Gentamicin = adverse effects, nursing interventions

d. Amphotericin B = adverse effects

e. Rifampicin / Rifampin = adverse effects

f. Isoniazid = adverse effect, nursing interventions

g. Clotrimazole = indications

4.       Core drug knowledge / Core patient variables

a.       Aspirin = contraindications, adverse effects

b.      NSAIDS, Ibuprofen = contraindications, adverse effects, nursing interventions

c.       Acetaminophen = antidote for toxicity

d. Morphine = adverse effecst, assessment, nursing interventions

e. Signs and symptoms of opiod overdose

5.       Core drug knowledge / Core patient variables

a. Narcotic Antagonist: Naloxone = indications

6.       Core drug knowledge / Core patient variables

a. Benzodiazepines: Diazepam = antidote for toxicity, adverse effects

7.       Core drug knowledge / Core patient variables

a. TCA: Imipramine = pharmacodynamics, mechanism of action

b. MAOI: Phenelzine = adverse effects, nursing interventions, food-drug interactions

8.       Core drug knowledge / Core patient variables

a. Anti-psychotic: Chlorpromazine = adverse effects

b. Anti-manic: Lithium = adverse effects, drug toxicity, nursing interventions

9.       Core drug knowledge / Core patient variables

a. Anti-seizure: Diazepam = indications, route of administration, contraindications

b. Anti-seizure: Phenytoin = adverse effects, nursing interventions, contraindications

c. Parkinson's Disease = pathology, signs and symptoms

d. Anti-Parkinson: Levodopa+Carbidopa = mechanism of action

10.       Laboratory testing

a.       Kidney function test

b.      Liver function test

c. Culture and Sensitivity

This class Pharmcology Nursing

Answer 1

1. Pharmacokinetics mainly deals with the movement of the drug inside the body. The four main movements the drug undergo is absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion which is applicable to all drug and is important in nursing so as to understand the right route to be administered, the right dose for adequate distribution, factors that can affect drug metabolism and time until when the effect of drug can be seen.

Pharmacodynamics mainly deals with effect of the drug and response of the drug on the body. Pharmacodynamics mainly deals with drug response, adverse reaction and drug interaction. In nursing, it's important to know drugs or food which can enhance or deteriorate the effects of drugs, the adverse effects that can be Elicited etc.

2.

Principles of anti microbial therapy

General principle of antimicrobial therapy deals with

1. Selecting appropriate antimicrobial agents according to the organism to be killed, type of penetration, etc.

2. Consideration to continue the therapy of needed as per patients status and effect of currently used antimicrobial agents

3. Special consideration in infectious type of treatment

4. Tailored and judicious use of antimicrobial agent

Four main factors causing antimicrobial resistance is as follows:

1. Excessive usage 2. Incorrect use of broad spectrum antimicrobial 3. Incorrect dosing and non compliance.

Organ specific toxicity - this toxicity is seen almost in all the organs. The main organs affected are liver and kidney which are mainly dealing with the metabolism and excretion of drugs. Heart, skin , neurons, genes, Immunity, reproductive organs all can undergo toxicity.

Sign and symptoms of toxicity are

Cardiovascular toxicity -hypoxia, Decreased circulating leukocyte, leukemia, Arteriosclerosis

Dermatologic toxicity- itching is skin, Dermal irritation and corrision, skin cancer

Hepatotoxicity - Steatosis, hepatitis, chirrhosis, Hypersensitivity, hepatic cancer

Immunotoxicity - Hypersensitivity, immunodeficiency, Uncontrollable proliferation ie. Leukemia

Reproductive toxicity - infertility, decreased libido, Interrupted pregnancy, congenital deformity