Question

• Identify methods and barriers to use of male contraception.
• Discuss the notion of shared responsibility in contraception. Who should use birth control and why?
• Discuss the benefits and risks of circumcision in men.
• Identify causes and treatments for male infertility.
• Discuss donor-related issues in sperm donation and in vitro fertilization.
• Identify, post and reflect on at least two resources discussing the effects of aging on the male reproductive system.

Please provide references. Please type the response as well.

Answer 1

Ans)The most common kinds of male contraception include condoms, withdrawal or pulling out, outercourse, and vasectomy. In domestic animals, castration is commonly used for contraception. Other forms of male contraception are in various stages of research and development.

- Barrier methods of contraception work by creating a physical barrier between sperm and egg cells so that fertilization cannot occur. The most common forms of barrier contraception are: condoms (male and female), diaphragm, cervical cap.

- It is BOTH partners' responsibility to ensure that you have safer sex, and use contraception to prevent both unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). There is a perception that it is the girl's responsibility to think about contraception .

- Circumcision might have various health benefits, including:
Easier hygiene. Circumcision makes it simpler to wash the penis.
Decreased risk of urinary tract infections.
Decreased risk of sexually transmitted infections.
Prevention of penile problems.
Decreased risk of penile cancer.

Risks of circumcision in men:

Pain
Risk of bleeding and infection at the site of the circumcision.
Irritation of the glans.
Increased risk of meatitis (inflammation of the opening of the penis)
Risk of injury to the penis.

- Causes of male infertility
These may include: Abnormal sperm production or function due to undescended testicles, genetic defects, health problems such as diabetes, or infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, mumps or HIV. Enlarged veins in the testes (varicocele) also can affect the quality of sperm.

Treatments for male infertility include:
Surgery.
Treating infections.
Treatments for sexual intercourse problems.
Hormone treatments and medications.
Assisted reproductive technology (ART).