Question

11. What is the process for metastasis? How would you describe why and how metastasis occurs to a patient? 12. What is the rate of growth of cancer cells? 13. What are the major risk factors for cancer which would prompt work-up in a patient? 14. Name all the cells in the immune system defend the body against cancerous cells.

Answer 1

11.Cancer refers to abnormal proliferation of abnormal cells.This may take years to show symptoms but once diagnosed and if there is a poor prognosis, the cancer cells invades the other part more rapidly. In simple when cancer is detected in an organ or part of the body. Though immune system fights against it, they travel throughout the body via blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and through the abdominal and chest cavity.While passing through the blood vessels, the cancer cell can get blocked by themselves because of their big size.This then reaches the organs and there s successful colony formation should happens.Once when colony is formed it means that particular part of organ is also affected .This is referred to a metastasis.

12.The rate of growth of cancer cells are categorized into three

• When it is more than 10% ,it is a fast growing cancer
• In case if it is between 6 to 10%,the cancer cells grow in a medium rate
• When it is less than 6%, it refers to cancer cells are growing very slowly

13.Some of the major risk factors for cancer are

• Lifestyle:lack of exercise, obesity,tobacco, smoking, alcohol
• Diet:lack of following traditional diet and opting for foods which are preserved and stored with preservatives, additives
• Work:exposure like radiations,chemicals in the working place
• Family history
• Virus: herpes infections can cause cancer

14.The cells involved in the defending the cancer cells are

• Natural killer cells
• Macrophages
• Dendritic cells
• T cells
• Dendritic cells
• Lymphocytes