![Interactive Exercises 21.01: The Atomic Model and Electric Charge The atomic model of matter has been experimentally verified with resounding success since its inception at the beginning of the twentieth century. The model is based on the conception of atoms as building blocks of matter and that a a consist of combinations of three particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The varied properties and behaviors of elements from the periodic table arise because of the different combinations of these three basic particles within the atoms of each element. Table 21.1 lists the mass and electric charge for the three atomic building blocks as well as for the antiparticle of the electron, which is called the positron. The proton and neutron also have antiparticles, but they are not listed here. Note: The parenthetical numbers at the end of the mass values represent the experimental uncertainty of the masses in the last two digits. For example, the proton mass, 1.672621777(74) x 10-27 kg, can also be written as follows 1.672621777 ± 0.000000074 × 10-27 kg The small uncertainty in the protons mass (a fractional uncertainty of 0.000000074/1.67-4x 10-8) tells us how very precisely the mass of the proton has been measured. The same level of precision holds for the measured masses of the neutron, electron, and positron as well Table 21.1: Properties of Four Subatomic Particles: Electron, Positron, Neutron, and Proton. Electron Positron Neutron Proton |9.10938291(40)×10-3119, 10938291(40)×10-311.674927351(74)×10-271.672621777(74)×10-27 Mass Elec Charge Symbol Several aspects of Table 21.1 should be highlighted: The neutrons mass is larger than the protons mass by 0.14%, while this difference is important in the standard model of particle physics, for our purposes, it is acceptable to approximate the neutron and proton to have equal masses. To 27 three significant figures, that mass is 1.67 x 10 kg . The electron and its antiparticle, the positron, have equal masses, equal charge magnitudes, and opposite charge signs To three significant figures, the masses of the electron and positron are 9.11 × 10 kg . In addition to mass, another fundamental property of these three atomic building blocks is called electric charge. The neutron has no electric charge, but the proton and electron have the same magnitude of charge. This important charge magnitude is called the elementary charge, and is denoted by the symbol e, where e > 0. The electric charge of a proton is te, and the electric charge of an electron is -e. We say that a proton is positively charged, and an electron is negative charged1. Many careful experiments over the years have verified that the proton and electron do indeed have equal charge magnitudes to a very high level of precision . The electron and positron are very light compared to the proton and neutron. In fact, the proton/neutron are 1833 times more massive than the electron/positron. The number of protons in an atoms nucleus is denoted by the symbol Z; this is called the atomic number of the atom Each entry on the periodic table of elements has a unique value of Z. An atom with an equal number of protons and electrons (Z protons and Z electrons) has a net electric charge equal to zero. We say the atom is electrically neutral. It is possible, under certain conditions, to free an electron from the nucleus to which it is bound; such an atom now has Z-1 electrons. In that circumstance, the remaining Z protons and Z - 1 electrons are said to comprise a positively-charged ion (with total charge te). We say the atom has been singly ionized. It is also possible, under certain conditions, to bind an additional electron to a nucleus; such an atom now has Z +1 electrons. In that circumstance, the Z protons and Z+ 1 electrons are said to comprise a negatively-charged ion (with total charge -e) The ability for an electron to be transferred to or from a given atom is a very important characteristic of the atomic model that helps explain much about the behavior of electrically charged objects on the everyday (macroscopic) scale [1] The designations positive and negative for electric charge is purely a matter of convention. We could have called the two types of electric charge right and left, for example [2] See, for example, Testing the neutrality of matter by acoustic means in a spherical resonator, G. Bressi, G. Carugno F. Della Valle. G. Galeazzi, G. Ruoso, and G. Sartori, Phys. Rev. A 83. 052101 (2011)](http://img.homeworklib.com/questions/9002b830-7284-11ea-b9ff-73d509625121.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_560)
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Question 1 What is the net electric charge (in units of e) of an atom of...
Atoms and Isotopes 1 Activity: Atoms and Isotopes Why? Atoms and isotopes are identified by the...
Atoms and Isotopes 1 Activity: Atoms and Isotopes Why? Atoms and isotopes are identified by the numbers of protons, electrons, and neutrons that they contain The number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in atoms determines the chemical properties of the elements .A knowledge of the number of protons and electrons in an atom will help you understand how atoms combine to form molecules Identify the composition of atoms in terms of protons, neutrons, and electrons Use atomic symbols to represent...
1.The negatively charged par found within the atom is the?. proton, eletron, neutron, nucleus 2. The...
1.The negatively charged par found within the atom is the?. proton, eletron, neutron, nucleus 2. The major portion of atom"s mass consists of?. neutron and protrons, electrons and neitrons, neutrons and positrons, eletrons and protrons. 3. What is the charge of ions fromed from atoms of Na? what is the charge of ions formed from atoms of AI?. 4. Examine the image that depicts the formation of a magnesium cation. The Mg atom has 12 protons and 12 electrons. How...
PREVIEW WORKSHEET FOR EXPERIMENT A "RADIOACTIVITY AND ABSORPTION OF RADIOACTIVE PARTICLES Fill-in-the-blank survey about some basic...
PREVIEW WORKSHEET FOR EXPERIMENT A "RADIOACTIVITY AND ABSORPTION OF RADIOACTIVE PARTICLES Fill-in-the-blank survey about some basic atomic and nuclear information. In the following fill in each blank with the appropriate word or number. You can get most of these answers by watching https://www.youtube.com/watch?v 1UhJL7o6_cA and the rest by Googling the topic. a) The three main building blocks of the atom are the protons the electnnsand the ns b) The rntons and the neutons are the two nuclear particles and, collectively,...
1. Protons share the dense nucleus with a. nucleus b. molecules c. electrons d. atoms ______2....
1. Protons share the dense nucleus with a. nucleus b. molecules c. electrons d. atoms ______2. Electrons are a. sub-atomic particles with a +1 charge b. equal to the number of protons in a nucleus c. said to be charmed d. sub-atomic particles with a +2 charge ____3. The force that binds 2 or more atoms together is known as a. a chemical bond b. valence c. joules d. electromagnetsm ______4. A molecular formula a. gives the total number of...
1 1 J (Joule) corresponds to: A: 1.602E-19 eV B: 6.242E18 eV C: 6.242E-20 eV D: 1.602E10 GeV 2 A...
1 1 J (Joule) corresponds to: A: 1.602E-19 eV B: 6.242E18 eV C: 6.242E-20 eV D: 1.602E10 GeV 2 A force acting on an object always changes its: A: Total energy B: Kinetic energy C: Rest energy D: Momentum 3 Momentum is a product of: A: Rest mass and velocity B: Relativistic mass and velocity C: Kinetic energy and velocity D: Relativistic mass and total energy 4 Relativistic mass as a function of velocity is: A: Linearly increasing B: Linearly decreasing C: Non-linearly increasing D: Non-linearly decreasing 5 The Lorentz-factor (g) is a ratio of: A: Total...
B) Theories must be testable; hypotheses do not need to be testable. CHypotheses are educated guesses,...
B) Theories must be testable; hypotheses do not need to be testable. CHypotheses are educated guesses, and theories are tentative explanations. D) Hypotheses are derived from experimentation, whereas theories are derived from observation. 12) A) Water is an example of an element. B Nitrogen C) Glucose D) Salt 13) What are the four most common elements found in living organisms? A) nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and carbon carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen C) carbon, oxygen, potassium, and calcium D) oxygen, calcium,...
A Review Learning Goal: Part D To understand the notation and basic quantities involved in nuclear...
A Review Learning Goal: Part D To understand the notation and basic quantities involved in nuclear physics. Which of the following choices lists a pair of isotopes? Nuclear physics borrows the symbols for elements from chemistry. However, knowing which element we are dealing with only tells us one of the numbers important to nuclear physics. When referring to a specific nucleus, we use the following notation: O s Fe. C and !AN He and Li 5N and 160 H and...
Multiple-Cholce: Select the best answer to each of these multiple choice 1. Which of the following...
Multiple-Cholce: Select the best answer to each of these multiple choice 1. Which of the following descriptions of a subatomic particle is correct? a) A proton has appositive charge and a mass of approximately 1 amu 9. b) An electron has a negative charge and a mass of approximately 1 amu c) A neutron has no charge and its mass is negligible d) A proton has appositive charge and a negligible mass. e) A neutron has appositive charge and a...
17. Identify the elements that have the following electron arrangements: b. 2,8,6 а. 2,4 c. 2,8,8...
17. Identify the elements that have the following electron arrangements: b. 2,8,6 а. 2,4 c. 2,8,8 d. 2,1 f. 2,8, е. 2,8 g. 2,8,8,2 18. Write the group number and draw the electron-dot symbol for each of the following elements: a. sulfur b. nitrogen c. calcium d. sodium 19. The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of A) neutrons plus protons B) nuclei C) electrons plus protons E) neutrons D) protons 20. The number of neutrons...
Question 3-8 points To the best of our knowledge the magnitudes of the negative charge on...
Question 3-8 points To the best of our knowledge the magnitudes of the negative charge on the electron and the positive charge on the proton are precisely equal. Imagine for the purposes of this question, however, that the charge on the proton is slightly larger than the charge on the electron (a) Do some research and determine (i) the number of electrons and the number of protons in a copper atom, and (ii) the mass of a copper atom. (2...
Atoms and Isotopes 1 Activity: Atoms and Isotopes Why? Atoms and isotopes are identified by the numbers of protons, electrons, and neutrons that they contain The number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in atoms determines the chemical properties of the elements .A knowledge of the number of protons and electrons in an atom will help you understand how atoms combine to form molecules Identify the composition of atoms in terms of protons, neutrons, and electrons Use atomic symbols to represent...
PREVIEW WORKSHEET FOR EXPERIMENT A "RADIOACTIVITY AND ABSORPTION OF RADIOACTIVE PARTICLES Fill-in-the-blank survey about some basic atomic and nuclear information. In the following fill in each blank with the appropriate word or number. You can get most of these answers by watching https://www.youtube.com/watch?v 1UhJL7o6_cA and the rest by Googling the topic. a) The three main building blocks of the atom are the protons the electnnsand the ns b) The rntons and the neutons are the two nuclear particles and, collectively,...
B) Theories must be testable; hypotheses do not need to be testable. CHypotheses are educated guesses, and theories are tentative explanations. D) Hypotheses are derived from experimentation, whereas theories are derived from observation. 12) A) Water is an example of an element. B Nitrogen C) Glucose D) Salt 13) What are the four most common elements found in living organisms? A) nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and carbon carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen C) carbon, oxygen, potassium, and calcium D) oxygen, calcium,...
A Review Learning Goal: Part D To understand the notation and basic quantities involved in nuclear physics. Which of the following choices lists a pair of isotopes? Nuclear physics borrows the symbols for elements from chemistry. However, knowing which element we are dealing with only tells us one of the numbers important to nuclear physics. When referring to a specific nucleus, we use the following notation: O s Fe. C and !AN He and Li 5N and 160 H and...
Multiple-Cholce: Select the best answer to each of these multiple choice 1. Which of the following descriptions of a subatomic particle is correct? a) A proton has appositive charge and a mass of approximately 1 amu 9. b) An electron has a negative charge and a mass of approximately 1 amu c) A neutron has no charge and its mass is negligible d) A proton has appositive charge and a negligible mass. e) A neutron has appositive charge and a...
17. Identify the elements that have the following electron arrangements: b. 2,8,6 а. 2,4 c. 2,8,8 d. 2,1 f. 2,8, е. 2,8 g. 2,8,8,2 18. Write the group number and draw the electron-dot symbol for each of the following elements: a. sulfur b. nitrogen c. calcium d. sodium 19. The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of A) neutrons plus protons B) nuclei C) electrons plus protons E) neutrons D) protons 20. The number of neutrons...
Question 3-8 points To the best of our knowledge the magnitudes of the negative charge on the electron and the positive charge on the proton are precisely equal. Imagine for the purposes of this question, however, that the charge on the proton is slightly larger than the charge on the electron (a) Do some research and determine (i) the number of electrons and the number of protons in a copper atom, and (ii) the mass of a copper atom. (2...
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