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A scientist has noted a possible relationship between a certain chemical substance found in fish and...

A scientist has noted a possible relationship between a certain chemical substance found in fish and the occurance of kidney failure in human. Which of the following preliminary steps should the scientist take before conducting a controlled expirement?

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Before conducting an experiment, the scientist has to analyze the cause and effect relationship between the chemical substance and the outcome. Establishing a cause and effect relationship helps to know the relation between the cause and effect of the outcome. Because wherever the cause is present, the effect must be there. There is no effect without a cause. A cause is an event which effects on another event. Here, the chemical substance found in the fish is the cause and the occurrence of kidney failure in the human who intakes this chemical substance is the effect.

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