Question

7. What are the risk factors for the development of type 2 Diabetes? Ms Lee is diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes. The PCP starts her on Metformin 500mg and Glipizide 5mg orally each day at breakfast and Atorvastin 20mg orally at bedtime. She is referred to the dietian for instruction on starting a 1200-calorie diet using an exchange system. You are providing education regarding pharmacotherapy and exercise. 8. What is the rational for starting her on Metformin, Glucotrol, and Atorvastatin? 9. What teaching do you need to provide regarding Diabetes? 10. What are some changes that Ms Lee can make to reduce to risk of slowing the progression of both microvascular and macrovascular disease?

Answer 1

7. Risk factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

- Non-modifiable Risk factors

Age more than 45 years, Genetics factors, Family history.

- Modifiable risk factors

Obesity, Inactive lifestyle, unhealthy dietary patterns(High fat and high carb diet), Pancreatic diseases, Stress, High blood cholesterol.

8.

The rationale for starting these medications in type 2 diabetes is to control blood glucose levels in various ways. The medications have a common goal that the reduction of blood glucose but they act on different receptors.

Metformin - It reducing the blood glucose level by reducing the sugar production by the Liver.

Glucotrol - It belongs to the class of drugs called sulfonylureas. it reduces blood glucose by stimulating beta-cell to produce more insulin.

Atorvastatin - It is an antilipidemic drug, it reduces cholesterol level in the blood which indirectly controls blood glucose.

9.

A nurse should provide health education regarding the lifestyle changes(to be active always and exercise every day) and dietary modification (to eat low calorie and low-fat diet)

The nurse should also give health education regarding the medication and its common side effects.

10.

Microvascular and macrovascular disease are common complications of diabetes. To avoid these complications, Mr. Lee should control his blood glucose level.

To control blood glucose level, Mr. Lee should

- Take oral hypoglycemic agent on time

- Live an active lifestyle.

- Restrict fat and sugar in his diet.

- Regular screening of blood glucose

- Regular health check-up