Question

1. The nurse is teaching a new diabetic patient about the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. The RN will be teaching the following are signs to monitor for: List 5 signs and symptoms 2. The Nurse understand the pathophysiology of the targeted drug receptors for the following diabetes therapy including? Match the receptor to the drug. A. GLP1 Increased hepatic glucose production B. Metformin Increased glucose reabsorption C. TZD Decreased glucose uptake D. SGLT2 Impaired insulin secretion 3. The Nurse is evaluating a diabetic patient with a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and elevated lipids. The Nurse understands, the provider will likely add this medication to the treatment plan as it is the best choice for therapy because it has significant cardiovascular benefits compared to other therapies? A. Thiazolidinediones B. Insulin C. SGLT2 D. Sulfonylurea

Answer 1

1. Sign and symptoms of hypoglycemia :-

- irritability

- fatigue

- headache

- seizures

- somnolence

- anxiety

- coma / stupor

- hunger

- shakiness

- tachycardia

- diaphoresis

2. Correct match :-

GLP1 - impaired insulin secretion

Metformin - decreased glucose uptake

TZD - increased hepatic glucose production

SGLT2 - increased glucose reabsorption

3. The correct option is c) SGLT2 .

The SGLT2 inhibitors empagliflozin (Jardiance) and canagliflozin (Invokana) and the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide (Victoza) are the only drugs to date with an FDA-approved indication for cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease.

4. 3 methods to diagnose diabetes :-

1. Fasting plasma glucose level ≥126mg/dL x 2 results

2. 2 hour Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) level ≥ 200mg/dL using a glucose load of 75gm

3. A1C ≥ 6.5%

4. Random/casual plasma glucose ≥ 200mg/dL + symptoms (3 P's)