Question

System Disorder for CAD 1. Alterations in health(Diagnosis)? 2. Patho related to the pts problem? 3. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention? 4. Risk Factors and Expected Findings? 5. Laboratory Testing? 6. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures? 7. Nursing Care? 8. Client Education? 9. Medications? 10. Complications? 11. Interprofessional care?

Answer 1

Coronary artery disease occurs as a result of plaque or cholestrol deposition in the major coronary artery. It leads to narrowing of coronary arteries and decrease in blood flow. The common etiology behind CAD are smoking, high blood pressure,diabetes mellitus, sedendary life style.

The people under riskfactor for coronary artery disease includes: Aging population, men are at greater risk and the risk among women increases after menopause. Hereditary factors that includes family history of cardiovascular diseases. Smoking history, persistent high blood pressure, high blood cholestrols, obesity, excess stress,intake of junk foods increases the risk of heart disease.

Pathophysiology:

1) The deposition of excess cholestrol or plaque deposiiton in coronary artery.

2) Narrowing of coronary arteries results in less blood supply to the heart.

3) The myocardial cells dont get sufficient oxygen supply end up with myocardial ischemia.

4) Anaerobic metabolism triggers inside the myocardial cells.

5)Excess lactic acid accumulates as waste.

6) Lactic acid accumulation causes pain resulting in anginal symptoms.

Health promotion :

Cardiac rehabilitation helps in patient to recover from heart atack. It includes comprehensive programs like healthy diet,medication adherence, healthy eating, abstinence from smoking, health education on physical activity.

Diagnostic procedures:

CAD diagnosed with various tests like collecting baseline history about dietary habits,family history,blood pressure management, physical activity. Other tests includes Electrocardiogram that helps to record electrical activity of the heart. Laboratory tests like electrolyte monitoring, Blood biomarkers like BNP can be done.Echocardiogram,stress test,cardiac catheterization and angiogram helps in rule out the underlying cardiac disease.