Question

Explain the clinical changes associated with each type of malnutrition:

Obesity

Marasmus

kwashiorkor

marasmus kwashiorkor mix

Answer 1

CLINICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY:

• OSTEOARTHRITIS

Due to the result of excessive body weight osteoarthritis ( swelling of joints) in the knees and ankles. Because of altered bone metabolism and altered cartilage non weight bearing joints also affected. Osteoarthritis is one of the common clinical changes in obesity.

• TYPE II DIABETES:

Excessive body weight will also results in TYPE II DIABETES. The insulin production in the pancreas is not sufficient for the carbohydrate metabolism due to the presence of increased fat, protein and carbohydrates.

• HEART DISEASE:

Obese clients have increased Body mass index that is increased body weight than age. They have high risk for developing heart disease due to the increased level of low density lipoprotein. Client with increased LDL have greater risk for having heart disease. People with obesity having high level of low density lipoprotein more than 120mg/dl.

• HYPERTENSION:

Obese clients having high accumulation of fat in the abdomen, central and visceral parts of the body. Due to increased body surface area and the presence of increased glucose level in the blood obese clients having increased blood pressure more than normal.

• MOOD DISORDERS:

clients with obesity having low self esteem and negative concern or disturbed body image.So altered mood is common in obese clients. Always they worried about their appearance and have altered mood status.

CLINICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH MARASMUS:

Marasmus is a Protein energy malnutrition. It cause due to the decreased intake of proteins, vitamins and appropriate nutrients supplied to the body.

• Most common clinical changes is unusual loss of body muscles and fat due to decreased consumption of nutrients.
• Craving to eat - Always children with marasmus want something to eat.
• Low Body mass index is also common.
• Lack of energy due to poor consumption of food.
• Brittle hairs will be there because of deficiency of protein.
• Dry skin , dehydration, sunken eyes are there due to loss of fluids in the body.
• Another main symptom is stunted growth.

CLINICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH KWASHIORKOR :

kwashiorkor is a form of severe Protein malnutrition due to the poor consumption of protein in the diet.

• The common symptom is Pitting edema is due to the increased albumin level in the body.
• Distended abdomen is present due to the fatty liver.
• children with this condition also had loss of appetite and sense of irritable.
• Thinning of hairs, skin pigmentation and dermatitis will be present
• Muscle wasting is also protein because for the metabolism human body needs proper nutrients. In the case of absence it leads to muscle wasting.
• Anemia because of fatty liver the red blood cells is not properly synthesized in the child with this condition.