Question

Use y own wo 1) Describe each range of motion and an example of an associated joint for each motion (do not use the same example). a. Flexion/extension b. Abduction/adduction c. Circumduction d. Rotation 2) Identify three serologic tests that may be positive or elevated in rheumatic arthritis. What patient education should you provide? 3) Describe in detail all the stages of the fracture healing process. 4) Identify the problems that are indicated by each of the six P's characteristic of an impending compartment syndrome. 5) Provide two characteristics of osteochondroma and the nursing care you would provide. 6) Provide two characteristics of osteosarcoma and the nursing care you would provide.

Answer 1

1. a) Flexion: Flexion is a movement that happens in a sagittal plane. It is a bending movement that decreases the angle between two bones of a joint.

Example: Elbow flexion decreases the angle between the ulna and the humerus.

Extension: Extension is a straightening movement that increases the angle between two bones of a joint. This is the antagonistic movement of flexion.

Example: Elbow extension is the straightening of the elbow, which increases the angle between ulna and humerus.

b) Abduction: Abduction is a movement away from the midline, which occurs within the coronal plane.  

Example: Movement of the right arm towards the right is a movement away from the midline of the body.

Adduction: Adduction is a movement towards the midline. This is the antagonistic movement of abduction and occurs within the coronal plane.

Example: Movement of the right arm towards the midline of the body.

c) Circumduction: Circumduction is the circular or conical movement of a limb from the joint controlling the movement. It is a combination of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction.

Example: Movement of the shoulder ball-and-socket joint and upper limb.

d) Rotation: Rotation is the movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis. Two types of rotation are there, medial rotation and lateral rotation. Medial rotation is the rotational movement towards the midline of the body. Lateral rotation is the rotational movement away from the midline of the body.

Example: Movement of the femur along the longitudinal axis at the ball-and-socket joint of the hip.