Question

Case Scenario: Residents in an area of approximately 15 square miles had the highest incidence of cancer rates for the entire state. Statistics show their cancer rates are three times as high as any other part of the state. Recently, childhood cancer has risen in this area. In the last month, 10 children from the area have died from cancer. The cancers were lymphoid and hematopoietic cancers.

Question: Describe how cell proliferation in cancer occurs and how it differs from normal cell proliferation.

Answer 1

CANCER IS A GROUP OF DISEASES INVOLVING ABNORMAL CELL GROWTH WITH POTENTIAL TO INVADE OR SPREAD TO OTHER PARTS OF BODY

---CANCER CELLS ARE THE CELLS THAT DIVIDE RELENTLESSLY FORMING SOLID TUMOURS OR FLOODING THE BLOOD WITH ABNORMAL CELLS

NORMAL CELL PROLIFERATION

Cell division is a normal process used by body for growth and repair

Parent cell divides to form 2 daughter cells ----> these two cells are used to build tissues or to repair cells that have died because of ageing or damage -------> these two cells stop dividing when there is no longer a need--->apoptosis occurs or cells stop dividing

CANCER CELL PROLIFERATION

Cancer cells are created

• when genes responsible for regulating cell division are damaged,
• mutations,
• exposure to radiation.chemicals
• other environmental factors
• genetics (hereditary)
• age
• DNA changes occur naturally overtime through uncorrected errors in DNA
• oncovirus etc

all these factors---->CARCINOGENESIS---->mutation and epimutation of genetic material of normal cells--->disturbed balance between proliferation and cell division---->Uncontrolled cell division--->evolution of such cells by natural secretion in the body------>tumours (malignant or benign )

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NORMAL CELL AND CANCER CELL AND THEIR PROLIFERATION

normal cell division cancer cell division cell suicide or apoptosis cell damage - no repair first second third fourth mutation mutation mutation mutation uncontrolled growth

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