Question

pharmacology

Assignments, Chapter 45, Antiarrhythmic Agents Learning Objective(s) Written Assignments 1. Prepare a table that describes the therapeutic actions, indications, pharmacokinetics, contraindications, the most common adverse reactions, and the important drug-drug interactions for the prototype drugs in the four classes of antiarrhythmics. 2. You are caring for a 7-year-old child with ventricular arrhythmia. The child has an order for propranolol. What nursing interventions are necessary in this situation? 3. What nursing measures are essential when giving antiarrhythmic drugs to adults? What teaching points are important for the nurse to provide to the patient who is taking an antiarrhythmic medication? Learning Objective Group Assignment 1. Each member of the group describes one of the five phases of the action potential of cardiac muscle and how each class of antiarrhythmics affect the cardiac action potential.

Answer 1

ANTIARRYTHMETIC DRUGS AND CLASSIFICATION

Class I's

1.Quinidine :

class I antiarrhythmic agents, quinidine primarily works by blocking the fast inward sodium current. The effect of blocking the fast inward sodium current causes the phase 0 depolarization of the cardiac action potential to decrease

This medication is used to treat or prevent many types of irregular     heartbeats (heart arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation). Quinidine can greatly improve your ability to perform normal activities by decreasing the number of irregular heartbeats

Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, stomach pain/cramps, or a burning feeling in throat or chest (e.g., heartburn) may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

2.Procainamide :

The mode of action of the antiarrhythmic effect of Procainamide appears to be similar to that of procaine and quinidine. Ventricular excitability is depressed and the stimulation threshold of the ventricle is increased during diastole. The sinoatrial node is, however, unaffected. Procainamide is sodium channel blocker

Symptoms while using procainamide:

Fever, chills, or sore throat

Bleeding or bruising

Muscles aches or weakness

Stomach or chest pain

Skin rash (especially a butterfly-shaped rash on the face)

Blisters on the tongue, cheek, or lips

3. Lidocaine

Lidocaine decreases the depolarization, automaticity, and excitability in the ventricles during the diastolic phase by a direct action on the tissues, especially the Purkinje network, without involvement of the autonomic system

Low blood pressure (hypotension)

Swelling (edema)

Redness at injection site.

Small red or purple spots on skin.

Skin irritation.

Constipation.

Nausea.

Vomiting.

4.Propafenone

class 1 anti-arrhythmic medication, which treats illnesses associated with rapid heart beats such as atrial and ventricular arrhythmias

dizziness,

headache,

metallic/salty/unpleasant/unusual taste in the mouth,

nausea,

vomiting,

constipation,

loss of appetite,

anxiety,

loss of balance or coordination,

tiredness,

fatigue,

ringing in your ears,

unusual dreams,

blurred vision,

weakness,

shortness of breath,

fast or slow heartbeat,

palpitations,

tremor,

diarrhea, or

warmth, redness, or tingly feeling under your skin.

Class II: Class IIs are beta blocker antiarrhythmics:

- Metoprolol

- Propanolol

- Sotalol

          Class IIs are beta blocker antiarrhythmics:

         - Metoprolol

          PropanololClass IIIs block potassium channels:

          - Amiodarone

          - Sotalol

            SotalolClass IVs block calcium channels:

          - Diltiazem

          - Verapamil