Question

pharmacology

Assignments, Chapter 47, Lipid-Lowering Agents Learning Objective(s) Written Assignments 1. Describe how fats are metabolized. Identify the difference between LDL and HDL and how each contributes to coronary artery disease. 2. How is hyperlipidemia treated across the lifespan? What are the drugs of choice for the various age groups, genders, and racial groups? Learning Objective(s) Group Assignments 1. Each member of the group chooses therapeutic actions, indications, pharmacokinetics, contraindications, the most common adverse reactions, or the important drug drug interactions for the lipid-lowering prototype medications. Each member of the group will provide information on the chosen topic for each of the following medications: bile acid sequestrants, HMG-CoA inhibitors, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, and other agents used to lower lipids. 2. Develop a table to compare and contrast the prototype drugs cholestyramine, atorvastatin, and ezetimibe to other | drugs used to lower lipids.

Answer 1

1. Lipolysis is the process by which stored triglycerols are released as nonesterfied fatty acids

enzymitc breakdown of triglycerols is initiated by adipose triglyceride lipase and leads to formation of diacylglycerols

these are hydrolysized by hormone senstive lipase

final step of the catabolic process is the hydrolysis of monoacylglycerols by monoglyceride lipase leading to the relase of one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids

#. Difference between LDL and HDL are :-

LDL - is bad cholesterol which causes plaque formation in the arteries and causes CAD

HDL - is good cholesterol , which gets removed from the blood circulation and moves into the liver . It doesn't causes CAD .

2. Statins are used to treat hyperlipidemia .

alternatives: ezetimibe, bile acid resin and niacin: not as effective but do reduce CHD risk.

Mechanism of action of statins :-

inhibit hepatic HMG-CoA reductase

decrease synthesis of cholesterol by the liver --> upregulation of LDL receptors by hepatocytes and increased removal of apoE and B containing lipoproteins from circulation and reduction i nsynthesis and secretion of lipoproteins from liber

net effect: lower plasma concentrations of cholesterol carrying lipoproteins especially LDL