Question

Assignments, Chapter 38, Agents to Control Blood Glucose Levels Learning Objective(s) Written Assignments 1. Briefly describe the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus including alterations in metabolic pathways and changes to basement membranes. 2. You are caring for a 3-year-old child newly diagnosed with Upe 1 diabetes mellitus. The child will be started on insulin. What nursing considerations are essential for caring for this child? Provide the rationale for all nursing considerations 3. You are caring for a 33-year-old pregnant female diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. The patient will be started on insulin. What nursing considerations are essential for caring for this adult? Provide the rationale for all nursing considerations 4. You are caring for a 74-year-old adult diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The patient will be started on glimepiride to control the diabetes mellitus. What nursing considerations are essential for caring for this older adult? Provide the rationale for all nursing considerations 5. Prepare an index card listing the onset, peak, and duration of action of the different types of insulin. Compare and contrast these different types of insulin. Learning Objective Group Assignment 1. As a group, construct a table that compares and contrasts the prototype drugs insulin, chlorpropamide, glyburide, and

Answer 1

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia and disturbance in the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and fats.

They are mainly classified as type I and type II diabetes

The insulin is a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas that helps the uptake of glucose, amino acids, and fats. In type I diabetes, the pancreas cannot able to produce insulin results in increased blood glucose levels.

In type II diabetes mellitus, the pancreas may produce a sufficient amount of insulin but cells of the body may develop resistance to insulin results in increased glucose levels in the blood.

Metabolic changes:

Carbohydrate metabolism

Decreased Glycogen formation
Increased Glycogenolysis (Breakdown of glycogen into glucose)
Increased Gluconeogenesis (Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate)

Fat metabolism

Increased Lipolysis (Breakdown of lipids)

Ketogenesis (Breakdown of fatty acids into ketone bodies)

Changes to basement membrane:

Thickening of basement membrane

Decreased permeability through the basement membrane.