Question

1 A 20 yr.  old female presents to the doctor today complaining of pain in her back.  She states the pain began one week ago and has been getting worse.  When taking a history, you discover that she is sexually active and has a history of bladder infections in the past year. When doing a physical exam, you find that she has a fever and pain in her lower back upon palpation.

What condition does the patient have?

What are four medications used to treat this condition?

What medication is sued to treat this condition in pregnant women?

What severe conditions can this lead to?

Name the top three organisms that contribute to this condition.

2 A 45 yr. old man comes to the doctor complaining of back pain. When taking a history and asking the man about his diet, you find out that he eats a lot of dairy products such as ice cream and cheese and also drinks milk. The patient says he is also vegetarian and eats a lot of vegetables. When asked about his pain on a scale of 0 to 10, he says the pain is a 7. The doctor sends the patient in for an ultrasound.

What will be found on the ultrasound?

What causes the formation of this condition?

What happens to the pH in this condition?

Which anatomical location is obstructed in this condition?

What are some things that can be done for prevention?

3 A 72 yr. old man comes into the doctor. When you take the patient’s blood pressure, you see his blood pressure is 138/92.  When examining the chart, you see the patient has a history of atherosclerosis.  

What condition does this man have?

What causes this condition to develop (name two things)?

What can happen to the blood supply in this condition?

What hormone(s) play a role in this condition?

What other conditions may this man be at risk for?

4 A 68 yr. old woman who had lymphoma several years ago presents to the office today.  Her BMI is 32 and she has problems walking.  She has diabetes. She says she is not urinating very much and is worried because she knows her weight and diabetes are an issue.  You review her records and history to make sure she is up-to-date on all routine tests for a woman her age.  You don’t see a bone DEXA scan.  You ask her when she had her last bone scan and she states she cannot remember. A CEXA scan is ordered along with blood tests. You find out that her bones are not very porous and she has osteoporosis.  You find out that her vitamin D levels are low.

What condition does this woman have?

What causes this condition?

What condition occurs as a result of urea?

What happens to Vitamin D levels?

                                    Calcium levels?

                                    Phosphate levels?

5 A 6 yr. old boy is brought to your office by his mom.  His mom says that her son complains of urination. She said that about 2 or 3 weeks ago the child had strep throat.

What condition does the boy have?

What type of hypersensitivity reaction occurs in this condition?

What immunoglobulin and complement protein are present in this condition?

What other symptoms will appear in this condition.

What will you see on urinalysis?

What antibodies will appear on a blood test?

What happens to GFR and creatinine?

Answer 1

1. Urinary tract infections are the infections of the urinary system which includes kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra. UTI can be divided into upper and lower irinary tract infections. Women are more prone to UTI than men.

The symptoms include fever, burning micturition, increased frequency of urination, back pain, general weakness.

The patient in the above case have urinary tract infection.

2. Medications include penicillin antibiotics, beta lactams, fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins.

3. Tetracycline should not be used pregnancy due to danger of fetal defects

4. Pyelonephritis

5. E. Coli, klebsiella and enterococcus.