Question

4.1 The PROH model - the wider context for EV-Co's supply chain The tacit systemic factors concerning EV supply chains obtained from the data collection activities are shown in the PrOH model and further narrated below all text is taken directly from Figure 2). By reading the core process statement from top left to bottom right in the PrOH model (Figure 2), the following dynamics are revealed. The ICE-dominated era was influenced by socio-economic- political groups, such as consumer groups, incumbent industry groups and groups advocating on government legislation. These socio-economic-political groups are revising and reconsidering requirements for future transportation systems. These requirements include CO2 emissions reductions, material reuse and recycling, lower weight, closed-loop supply chain logistics and infrastructure. In turn, these requirements are used for the design, build and maintenance of products by organisations of the automotive industry. For example, the organisations who deliver the gearbox, interiors, body, motors, materials, electronics, manual labour, batteries, engineering skills and knowledge, small components, pneumatics, drivetrains and fuel cell providers. These organisations deliver post-ICE-dominated era transport systems; for example, closed-loop supply chain and logistics systems, vehicles, business/service models, EV charging stations, hydrogen stations and telematics for IoT-linked systems. These are all required by end-users of post-ICE transportation systems. These users will be the commuters, drivers and passengers in the post-ICE-dominated era Systemic factors in Figure 2 bring dramatic dynamic disruption to the automotive industry. For instance, organisations of the automotive industry will need to work in accordance with new operating characteristics for example, more information Sharing more ofl-boarding more collaborations through the supply chain, increased reliability, clearer supply chain strategy more complete lifecycle costing more flexibility and modularity, unknowns uncertainties, changing product complexities, more
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Answer 1

Summary of this article

PrOH model can show implicit systemic factors concerning EV supply chains. Socio-Economic Political groups like incumbent industry and consumer groups influenced ICE-dominated era and are reconsidering requirements in future transportation systems such as CO2 emission reductions and recycling. In return these requirements can help in the design and in the build of automotive industry. The organisations in this industry actually deliver post-ICE-dominated era transport systems

Hence, these systemic factors which will be used by end users will play a vital role for the automotive industry.