Question

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Candida glabrata is a species of haploid yeast and genus Candida. This species has no sexual life. The previous old name for candida glabrata is Torulopsis glabrata. It is usually found in mucosal tissues of humans, mostly in immune deficient persons who are having diabetes, HIV infection, AIDS, etc. It is the common cause of candidiasis, and the infections caused by candida glabrata effects Genito urinary system. Sometimes, fungal cells enter the blood stream causing systemic infections. Urinalysis and cultures identify the presence of infection in the body. Anti-fungal medications are administered to reduce the spread of infection. Vaginal suppositories can also be used for the infection. Boric acid is administered for any skin infections. Anti-microbial resistance theme is selected by the world health organization on world health day 2011.  

It was first named Cryptococcus glabrata in 1917, by Anderson. It is a species of haploid yeast of the genus candida. Previously named Torulopsis glabrata. It is a most opportunistic fungal infection to the humans. This species has no sexual life. Infections caused by, c.glabrata mainly effects in the urinary tract. This is belonging to the kingdom of fungi. The most commonly infections occur in the woman genitalia. It can cause the life threatening immune compromised disorders. Some variety of environmental factors like low PH, osmotic stress carbolic acid is the favorable to grow of this organism. Poor cultural habits and sexually contacts lead to it may spread to another person. It is sensitive to anti-fungal medications. It has special relevance in nosocomial infections and it is innately resistant to antifungal drugs. Pathogenicity is the potential factors contribute to c.glabrata. This has a series of adhesins genes. These organisms help to attach in the biotic and abiotic surfaces. Genome of candida glabrata has rearrangements to improve its fitness when it is exposed to stressful situations.  

75% of women will have an episode of candidiasis at least once, and 40% will have recurrent infections, alterations in the vaginal milieu as a result of predisposing factors such as pregnancy, systemic antibiotics, high-estrogen oral contraceptives, use of corticosteroids, decreased immunity as seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), premature infants, and patients on chemotherapy or radiation therapy, diabetes, frequent douching, improper sanitary habits such as wiping from the back to the front following bowel movements.

It could cause a white vaginal discharge, thick cheese like in appearance and adheres to the vaginal walls, severe itching, pain with urination, pain with intercourse, burning, or inflammation of the vulvar and vaginal surfaces  

Culture is the best method to find out the presence of non albicans vaginal infections. Culture can take many days to grow up. In the case of skin disease, it is very difficult to find out fungus from swabs, thus special assessment is required in this case. This organism is mainly resistant to fluconazole and echinocandin. Culture is the best method to find out the presence of non albicans vaginal infections. Culture can take many days to grow up. In case of skin disease, it is very difficult to find out the fungus from swabs. Special assessment is required in this case. This organism is mainly resistant to fluconazole and echinocandin.  

It has special relevance in nosocomial infections and it is innately resistant to antifungal drugs. Pathogenicity is the potential factors contribute to c.glabrata.this has a series of adhesins genes. These adhesive genes encode in the chromosome's sabermetric region and its expression increasingly activated by cues in the environment. This helps to organisms to attach in biotic and abiotic surfaces. Genome of candida Glabrata have rearrangements to improve its fitness when it is exposed to stressful situations.  

Azole drugs are mostly prescribed for the treatment of this infection because it has low level intrinsic resistance in 15 to 20 % people fluconazole is not effective. Over-the-counter vaginal creams such as clotrimazole (Gyne-Lotrimin) 1% 5 g, or miconazole (Monistat) 2% 5 g, typically used at bedtime for 3 or 7 days. Polyene drugs can use in some cases such as amphotericin and caspofungin, sometimes intravenous or vaginal amphotericin is used to treat this condition. Terconazole 7 days cream can be used as it has 40% a chance of recovery. Boric acid can be used as a second line treatment as it is effective for chronic infections. Vitamin E oils and Amphotericin B vaginal suppositories to cure both symptomatic and asymptomatic conditions. Azole drugs are mostly prescribed for the treatment of c.glabertta.because, it has low level intrinsic resistance.in 15 to 20 % people fluconazole is not effective. Polyene drugs can use in some cases such as amphotericin and caspofungin. Sometimes intravenous or vaginal amphotericin is used to treat this condition. Terconazole 7 days cream can be used as it has 40% a chance of recovery. Boric acid can be used as a second line treatment as it is effective for chronic infections. Vitamin E oils and Amphotericin B vaginal suppositories to cure both symptomatic and asymptomatic conditions. Treatment for Candida glabrata is anti-fungal medicines like fluconazole, it's a first line treatment, if the people show resistance to that we can provide Amphotericin B, and Flucytosine and nystatin. During in the pregnancy time and the people who are having immune compromised are diabetics patients are having more prone to get these infections. To prevent this hygienic condition, it should be maintained adequate intake of nutritious diet, vaginal hygienic, environment maintenance. This organism is resistance to anti-fungal drug like class of azoles.  

These Candida glabrata is like normal flora in the human body , oropharynx, and the intestines. If the people are in immunocompromised state these will cause infection to the persons. We need to educate the maintenance of hygienic conditions of vagina and oral cavity etc., then we can prevent the fungal infections by maintaining of oral cleaning with mouth wash and vaginal cleaning with clean warm water. The infective agent causes white, cheesy, thick discharges with burning sensation with intense itching, pruritis is common in vulvar region. The anti-fungal agent act against to this. If once the resistance of drugs happens there is no responding of microorganisms to that drug, so before development of resistance there is a need to maintain preventive measures to avoid getting infections and need to educate about multi drug resistance problems and maintenance of hygiene. These are should be educated as a health care professional.

Answer 1

Introduction: Candida glabrata belongs to the class saccharomycetes which comes under the Candida genus.Candida glabrata is a species of haploid yeast and genus Candida. This species has no sexual life. The previous old name for candida glabrata is Torulopsis glabrata. It is usually found in mucosal tissues of humans, mostly in immune deficient persons who are having diabetes, HIV infection, AIDS, etc. It is the common cause of candidiasis, and the infections caused by candida glabrata effects Genito urinary system.

When it is being incubated, a dark green colour colonies occurs. Most of the cells goes in to blood stream which causes infection.Culture is the best method to find out the presence of non albicans genital infections. Culture can take many days to grow up. In the case of skin disease, it is very difficult to find out fungus from swabs, thus special assessment is required in this case. This organism is mainly resistant to fluconazole and echinocandin. Culture is the best method to find out the presence of non albicans genital infections. Culture can take many days to grow up. In case of skin disease, it is very difficult to find out the fungus from swabs. Special assessment is required in this case. This organism is mainly resistant to fluconazole and echinocandin.  

Azole drugs are mostly prescribed for the treatment of this infection because it has low level intrinsic resistance in 15 to 20 % people fluconazole is not effective. Over-the-counter vaginal creams such as clotrimazole (Gyne-Lotrimin) 1% 5 g, or miconazole (Monistat) 2% 5 g, typically used at bedtime for 3 or 7 days. Polyene drugs can use in some cases such as amphotericin and caspofungin, sometimes intravenous or amphotericin is used to treat this condition. Terconazole 7 days cream can be used as it has 40% a chance of recovery. Boric acid can be used as a second line treatment as it is effective for chronic infections. Vitamin E oils and Amphotericin B suppositories to cure both symptomatic and asymptomatic conditions.

During in the pregnancy time and the people who are having immune compromised are diabetics patients are having more prone to get these infections. To prevent this hygienic condition, it should be maintained adequate intake of nutritious diet, genital hygienic, environment maintenance. This organism is resistance to anti-fungal drug like class of azoles.  

Conclusion: These Candida glabrata is like normal flora in the human body , oropharynx, and the intestines. If the people are in immunocompromised state these will cause infection to the persons. We need to educate the maintenance of hygienic conditions of genital and oral cavity etc., then we can prevent the fungal infections by maintaining of oral cleaning with mouth wash and vaginal cleaning with clean warm water. The infective agent causes white, cheesy, thick discharges with burning sensation with intense itching, pruritis is common in vulvar region. The anti-fungal agent act against to this. If once the resistance of drugs happens there is no responding of microorganisms to that drug, so before development of resistance there is a need to maintain preventive measures to avoid getting infections and need to educate about multi drug resistance problems and maintenance of hygiene. These are should be educated as a health care professional.