Question

Home Work Micro Fall 2019. Chapts 6 and 12 Answer 10 questions = 50 points 1. Every virus can infect any organism. True or False-Explain your answer. 2. Penicillinase enzyme produced by drug resistant bacteria makes them resistant to penicillin. How it works. How some modified penicillin (like Amoxicillin or Ampicillin still kills penicillin resistant bacteria? 3. What is the difference between lysogeny and lytic cycle of a virus, explain. 4. What are the 5 types of antibiotics, explain with examples. What is the basis of including them in 5 types/groups. 5. Beta-lactam antibiotics are the major antibiotics. Where they act? Name two different types of antibiotics which fall in this category. Explain where they resemble and where they differ. 6. Penicillin and Tetracycline; which one is narrow spectrum and which one is broad spectrum and why-explain. 7. There are two types of antibiotics which act on membrane. Name one member of each type. Why one antibiotics of this group exclusive works on fungus/protists and not on bacteria. 8. Many antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis. They should be narrow or broad spectrum antibiotics and why? Name 3 of them and explain how/where they work (site of action) 9. Usually, how many ways bacteria becomes drug resistance-explain. 10. What is Kirby-Bauer test and what it is used for? Explain the process. 11. Why animal viruses have envelope, explain with example. 12. What is the basic difference between infection by phage and an animal virus, explain? 13. Can we culture virus like we do with bacteria in media? What are the ways virus is cultured-explain? 14. Why it is difficult to design drugs for virus? Name two anti-virus drugs and explain how they work. 15. What is prion? What it causes, explain.

please help me to answer all these questions please please!!!

Answer 1

1. false . No every virus cant not infect any organism . Some of them infect humans wheras others infect birds or mammals.

2. pencillinase disrupts the internal structure of penicillin and thus destroys the antimicrobial action of the drug and makes a drug resistant bCteria. Amoxicillin and ampicillin are slightly more lipid soluble therefore quicker in action and acts by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It inhibits cross-linkage of a major component of the cell walls of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria – linear peptidoglycan polymer chains.

3. The lytic cycle involves the reproduction of viruses using a host cell to manufacture more viruses; the viruses then burst out of the cell wheras The lysogenic cycle involves the incorporation of the viral genome into the host cell genome, infecting it from within.

4. based in mechanism of action, antibiotics are classified in following groups:

1. Pencillin: pencillin G
2. cephalosporin: cefazolin
3. fluoroquinolone: ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
4. aminoglycosides like amikacin, gentamycin
5. Carbapenams like imipenam