Question

This is not a formal report Instead, please answer cach of the following questions in about five or six full sentences and provide academic references for your answers where indicated. Please submit your report on line 1. (12 points) Describe the Results (pattern of growth) of each experiment; use the questions as a guideline for summarizing your results (no drawings necessary). a) Heat resistance of soil bacteria > Was there a difference between the between the different heat treatments? b) UV resistance of soil bacteria > Did the exposure of UV cause any growth differences in the bacteria? c) Effectiveness of hand washing > Were there differences in the bacterial growth propagated from each cleaning solution? d) Kirby-Bauer antibiotic test you may want to provide the zones of inhibition in a table) 2. (5 points) What is the specific molecular target of each of these antibiotics? (provide reference) 3. (3 points) Why do some strains of bacteria show resistance to a particular antimicrobial agent but not others? (provide reference) 4. (2 points) What factors affect the size of the zone of inhibition for each antibiotic? (provide reference) 5. (3 points) Provide examples of specific circumstances under which it would be preferable to use cach of the following types of antimicrobial treatment over the others o Physical O Strong chemical O Selective: broad spectrum narrow spectrum 6.C2 points) If there are bacteria everywhere, why are we not always getting sick from them? 7.(3 points) Based on the results of these exercises, what advice could you give to each of the following groups of people? Assume that they are skeptical and need to be convinced. 1. Hospital workers 2. Restaurant owners 3. Lab technicians

Answer 1

1. a Different heat treatments may have different effects on bacterial growth. Increase in temp favours growth but more increase retards growth.

1 b.uv causes a decrease in growth of bacteria.

1 c.yes there is difference in bacterial growth due to handwashes.

1d antibiotic which has largest zone of inhibition is effective.

2 specifice molecular target is DNa gyrase, topoisomerase, ribosomes etc.

3. Because these strains have made alternate enzymes or capsular proteins.

4. Factors such as efficacy and potency , resistance ,effect the zone of inhibition.

5. Physical.Skin disease

Strong chemical as disinfectant

Selective narrow spectrum.

6. Because we are covered with skin , have mucus in respiratory secretions , enzymes in salive etc.

7

1... hospital workers ..wear protective masks , vaccines, and take empirical treatment ,and maintain asepsis.

2.resturant owners. Educate staff about transmission of disease like cholera , typhoid through contaminated food., insist about hygiene and hand washing.

3.lab technicians. Avoid exposure to needles, blood products etc and vaccination.