Question

Using anatomical terms and medical terminology, describe the process of respiration and name two conditions that could impede normal respiration.

Please write clearly and thank you

Answer 1

The average respiratory rate is 12 to 15 breaths per minute.Each breath consist of three phases

• Inspiration
• Expiration
• Pause.

Inspiration

When the capacity of the thoracic cavity is increased by simultaneous contraction of the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm,the parietal pleura moves with the walls of the thorax and the diaphragm.This reduces the pressure in the pleural cavity to a level considerbly lower than atmospheric pressure.The visceral pleura follows the parietal pleura,pulling the lung with it.This expands the lungs and the pressure within the alveoli and in the air passage falls ,drawing air into the lungs in an attempt to equalize the atmospheric and alveolar air pressures.

The process of inspiration is active ,as it needs energy for muscle contraction.The negative pressure created in the thoracic cavity aids venous return to the hear and is known as the respiratory pump.At rest inspiration lasts for 2 seconds.

Expiration

Relaxation of the intercoatal muscles and the diaphragm results in downward and inward movement of the rib cage and elastic recoil of the lungs.As tis occurs ,pressure inside the lungs exceeds that in the aatmosphere and so air is expelled from the respiratory tract .The lung still contain some air and are prevented from complete collapse by the intact pleura.This process is passive as it does not require the expenditure of energy .

At rest ,expiration lasts about 3 seconds and after expiration there is a pause before the net cycle begins.

Laryngitis andTracheitis