Question

• Describe the normal pathophysiology of gastric acid stimulation and production. Explain the changes that occur to gastric acid stimulation and production with GERD, PUD, and gastritis disorders.

Answer 1

38L 2L 34 ક્રમાં gastric Aad stimulatina Pathophysiology of and production: Glastain, produced by G cells I located in the Pyloric mucosa of the stomach, is the primary hormonal stimulation for gastaj i acid production - When gastin is released from G cells in response to a meal, it binds to cck-2 receptors on both the parietal and ECL cells - The PH of gastric acid is Is to 3.5 in the human stomach I lumen, the acidity being maintaned by the proton Pump Ht/kt ATPase The parietal cell releases bicarbonate into the bloodstream in the process, which causes a temperary alse of pH in the blood I klas an alkaline tide,

* Pathophysiology of GERD C . The pathogenesis of GIORD is complex and envolves changes in reflux exposure epithelical reststunce, and visceral sensitivity. Then geutic refluxate is a noxious material that insures the esophagus and clicts symptome This exposure arises via compromise of the anti-reflux barter and redited ability of the esophagus to clear and buffer the refluxate leading to reflux disease avecill brolix)

& PUD peptic ulcer disease CPUD is a Chronic condition that affects the 1 G I touch or digestive system a PUD cause ulcers (sores or lesson in the bring (mucosa) of the stomach or first part of the c small intestine duodenum * Pathophysiology or to peptic ulcer are defects in the gastric or duodenal mucosa that extend through the musculars mucosa, The epithelial cells of the stomach and duodenum secret mucus in response to pritation of the ept thelial lining and as a resut of cholinergic stimulation.

* Castoitis. L chronic gastritis es a progressive life- long inflammation. The loss of mucous. grands resulted in the grouth of 1 Ymnocture glandular and epithelial cells resembling the glands in the small bowel or colon which can curse gastric adenocarcinoma through intraepithelial neoplasia