Question

Describe the pathophysiology of gastric acid stimulation and production

Answer 1

Stomach is a muscular elastic organ responsible for storing and breaking up foods to produce energy.For this gastric acid plays a vital role

• Parietal cells also called as oxyntic or delomorphous cells located in the gastric gland secreting the main gastric acid (hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor)
• This cell has a secretary canaliculus which is high in acid content
• Gastric acid is secreted into the gastric lumen
• This secretion occurs because of the trigger and response of the hormones,paracrines and neurocrines activity
• This gastric acid is called as the gastrin responsible for stimulation of this acid
• Histamine (ECL-Enterochromaffin like) and acetylcholine (neuronal synapses) are released due to the gastric acid secretion
• Simultaneously release of somatostatin and CCK ,GLP happens
• These various triggers will stimulate the parietal cells to release hydrogen ions and Histamine 2 are the primary stimulus for gastric acid secretion.
• The Gadtrin will bind with CCK receptors on the ECL and Parietal cells
• The combination will release intracellular calcium
• Histamine created binds to H2 receptor in parietal cells and produces cyclic AMP
• This is followed by translocation and activation of proton pump at canalicular membrane