Question

1. Standard Costing: Planned Variances

   As part of its cost control program, Tracer Company uses a standard costing system for all manufactured items. The standard cost for each item is established at the beginning of the fiscal year, and the standards are not revised until the beginning of the next fiscal year. Changes in costs, caused during the year by changes in direct materials or direct labor inputs or by changes in the manufacturing process, are recognized as they occur by the inclusion of planned variances in Tracer’s monthly operating budgets.

   The following direct labor standard was established for one of Tracer’s products, effective June 1, 2012, the beginning of the fiscal year:

   Assembler A labor (5 hrs. @ $10)	$ 50
   Assembler B labor (3 hrs. @ $11)	33
   Machinist labor (2 hrs. @ $15)	30
   Standard cost per 100 units	$113

   The standard was based on the direct labor being performed by a team consisting of five persons with Assembler A skills, three persons with Assembler B skills, and two persons with machinist skills; this team represents the most efficient use of the company’s skilled employees. The standard also assumed that the quality of direct materials that had been used in prior years would be available for the coming year.

   For the first seven months of the fiscal year, actual manufacturing costs at Tracer have been within the standards established. However, the company has received a significant increase in orders, and there is an insufficient number of skilled workers to meet the increased production. Therefore, beginning in January, the production teams will consist of eight persons with Assembler A skills, one person with Assembler B skills, and one person with machinist skills. The reorganized teams will work more slowly than the normal teams, and as a result, only 80 units will be produced in the same time period in which 100 units would normally be produced. Faulty work has never been a cause for units to be rejected in the final inspection process, and it is not expected to be a cause for rejection with the reorganized teams.

   Furthermore, Tracer has been notified by its direct materials supplier that lower-quality direct materials will be supplied beginning January 1. Normally, one unit of direct materials is required for each good unit produced, and no units are lost due to defective direct materials. Tracer estimates that 6 percent of the units manufactured after January 1 will be rejected in the final inspection process due to defective direct materials.

   Required:

   1. Determine the number of units of lower quality direct materials that Tracer Company must enter into production in order to produce 47,000 good finished units.
   units

   2. How many hours of each class of direct labor must be used to manufacture 47,000 good finished units?

   Assembler A		hrs
   Assembler B		hrs
   Machinist		hrs

   3. Determine the amount that should be included in Tracer’s January operating budget for the planned direct labor variance caused by the reorganization of the direct labor teams and the lower quality direct materials. In your computations, carry the direct labor cost per unit to 3 decimal places. (CMA adapted)
   $

Answer 1

1	Determine the number of units of lower quality direct materials that Tracer Company must enter into production in order to produce 47,000 good finished units.

No of units required	47,000
Rejection @ 6% of items produced	3,000
Units to be produced before rejection	50,000
Unit of Raw Material required for production of one unit of Finished Goods	1
Total No of units of Raw Material required	50,000

2	How many hours of each class of direct labor must be used to manufacture 47,000 good finished units?

Particulars	No of Labourers	No of hours required now for 80 units	No of hours required now for 50000 units
Assembler A labor	8	8	5,000
Assembler B labor	1	1	625
Machinist labor	1	1	625
Total Hours			6,250

Note:- In order to produce 47,000 units of correct finished goods, 50,000 units of initital goods have to be produced as 6% shall be rejection. Also it is assumed that 1 labour use ti put 1 hour and hence no of hours have been reorganised for each process

3	Determine the amount that should be included in Tracer’s January operating budget for the planned direct labor variance caused by the reorganization of the direct labor teams and the lower quality direct materials. In your computations, carry the direct labor cost per unit to 3 decimal places.

	Budgeted ($113 per 100 units)					Actual ($106 per 80 units for 50,000 Initial units produced)
Particulars	No of Labourers	No of hours	Rate per hour	Cost for 47,000 Finished Goods units		No of Labourers	No of hours	Rate per hour	Cost for 47,000 Finished Goods units		Variation ($)
Assembler A labor	5	5	10	$23,500		8	8	10	$50,000		$26,500
Assembler B labor	3	3	11	$15,510		1	1	11	$6,875		($8,635)
Machinist labor	2	2	15	$14,100		1	1	15	$9,375		($4,725)
				$53,110					$66,250		$13,140

Total Variation	13,140
No of Correct Finished goods produced	47,000
Labour cost variance ($/unit)	0.280