Question

Which population do you start with in cohort study versus which population do you start with in case-control studies?

Why do we care about ethics in epidemiology? What makes a study ethical (you may want to look at the Nuremberg code and the Declaration of Helsinki-think about informed consent, compensation, the role of institutional review boards, conflicts of interest, patient safety)?

What do we look at to consider causality, after we have considered the role of chance (chapter 7), bias and confounding? Understand which each one is and what they mean. You do not have to be concerned with the caveats listed in each slide.   Pay particular attention to temporality, the strength of the association(aka the effect measure), dose-response relationship and biological plausibility.

Answer 1

which population do you start within cohort study versus which population do you start in case control study?

• cohort study - exposure population,cause to effect.
• ​​​​ Case control study - case population and control population,effect to cause.

Case control study;

case contact studies Il is also called as retrospective Studies & proued from Effect to cause >> Both Exposure and outcome ediseasej have occured bequre The start of the study study provides backwards from effect to cause >) uses a wntrol or.compouson group to SuppoЯ Е.

Selection of case;

case- lagnastèt criteria Eligibility (iteria - In et gibility criteria There is incident case within a specific period of time, - Prevalent cases as an advanced stages o diseases > Sowce of easear from hospital os general population Hospital : case may be drawn from single a hospital oroianae population a case study disease occuring withis a defined geographic area SD

Selection of control;

contgo&- >> controls are free from disease > similar to the cases, but they are free from diseases source of controls 2- & Hospital untrol y Relatives control >> Neighbourhood control -) General population,

Cohort study;

cohort study: . It is also known as long etudinal study or Incidence study cohorts are identifped prior to the appearance of the disease under investigation - The study proceeds forward Brom cause to Edfect

subjects of cohort study :- -> Esther from general population or Select group of the population General populations - Exposure ss frequent in the population a cohorts may be assembled from The general population. special groups :- & Exposure group that can be studied → proffesional group (selection group) • вхрохи азоир
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