Homework Answers
Ans) A modified radical mastectomy is a procedure in which the entire breast is removed, including the skin, areola, nipple, and most axillary lymph nodes, but the pectoralis major muscle is spared. However, mastectomy still remains a viable option for women with breast cancer.
Indications:
- Patients with large, malignant or centrally located tumours
may undergo mastectomy. If there are inadequate margins around the
primary tumour and a breast is too small for a more extensive
removal to be performed, mastectomy is recommended.
- Multicentric carcinoma is a locally recurring cancer after a
breast conserving surgery. - Mastectomy is indicated when there are
new primary tumours after previous breast conserving surgery.
- If the breast conserving surgery is found to be inadequate in
controlling or removing the tumor, a mastectomy may be
undertaken.
- In patients with extensive carcinoma in situ after breast
conserving surgery, there is an unacceptably high risk of invasive
carcinoma developing and a mastectomy is indicated.
Prophylactic mastectomy – Some patients who have a high risk of
malignancy due to a strong family history of breast cancer or
mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, may opt for a prophylactic
mastectomy to remove the breasts before cancer forms.
- Sometimes, patients may prefer to avoid post-surgery radiotherapy
to the breast. This is common among patients who have previously
failed wide excision and radiation treatment in the opposite
breast.
- Contralateral mastectomy is removal of the opposite breast. This
could be performed if a woman does not want one large breast to
remain after surgery or to reduce the risk of further cancer
developing in it.
Nursing Intervention:
- Relive the fear
- Provide Information
- Handwashing
- Regular Catheter care
- Wound care
Potential complications:
- Infection
- Lymphedema
- Seroma
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Active Learning Template: Therapeutic Procedure
Blood and Blood Products: Therapeutic Response to Blood
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ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATE: Therapeutic Procedure STUDENT NAM PROCEDURE NAME Electroconvulsive Therapy REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER Description of Procedure Indications CONSIDERATIONS Nursing Interventions (pre, intra, post) Outcomes/Evaluation Client Education Potential Complications Nursing Interventions ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATES THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURE A13
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Physical Therapy (Please fill every box)
Therapeutic Procedure ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATE: STUDENT NAME PROCEDURE NAME REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER Description of Procedure Indications CONSIDERATIONS Nursing Interventions (pre, intra, post) Outcomes/Evaluation Client Education Potential Complications Nursing Interventions
Active Learning Template: Therapeutic Procedure
Blood and Blood Products: Therapeutic Response to Blood
Transfusion (Ch. 27)
Fill in the Blank
ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATE: Therapeutic Procedure STUDENT NAME PROCEDURE NAME REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER Description of Procedure Indications CONSIDERATIONS Nursing Interventions (pre, intra, post) Outcomes/Evaluation Client Education Potential Complications Nursing Interventions ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATES THERAPEUTIC CID A 13
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