Question

Identify the statistical tests used to analyze the data in the study. Are there other statistical analysis methods that would have been more appropriate? If so, identify them and discuss. Describe the limitations of the study. Identify and describe any factors that may have affected the results of the study. Can the results of the study be applied, and if so, to whom? How could results of the study impact healthcare practices? Explain and discuss.

Hansen, L. O., Williams, M. V., & Singer, S. J. (2011). Perceptions of hospital safety climate and incidence of readmission. Health Services Research, 46(2), 596–616. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2010.01204.x

Answer 1

Statistical Techniques are analysis procedures used to examine, reduce, and give meaning to the numerical data gathered in a study. Descriptive statistics are the standard procedures used to summarize and describe data quickly and clearly; summary statistics reported for an experiment, including mean, range, and standard deviation.

Inferential statistics are statistics that can be used as indicators of what is going on in a population and can be used to evaluate results; also called test statistics

Hansen, L. O., Williams, M. V., & Singer, S. J. (2011). Perceptions of hospital safety climate and incidence of readmission. Health Services Research, 46(2), 596–616. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2010.01204.x

Descriptive statistics summarize the data we have concisely while Inferential statistics use the data to learn about the population-based that the sample of data represents and understand patterns in the data.

Descriptive statistics helps you understand the data you are dealing with by making numerical and/or graphical summaries and help us gain insight about how the values are distributed, the shape of data, is the data set skewed etc. In descriptive stats, we present the facts about the data and do not make conclusions beyond the data we have analyzed or reach conclusions regarding any hypotheses we might have made.

Inferential statistics make assumptions about the population based on the sample data by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates

In the present study, the researcher was used the descriptive and inferential statistics to draw the results of the study.

For the summarization of data, they have used the descriptive statistics to estimate the frequency and percentage distribution and as well as.to estimate standard deviations.

The t-test is one type of inferential statistics. It is used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the means of two groups. With all inferential statistics, we assume the dependent variable fits a normal distribution. For that, they have tested the t-value.

I think to find out the association and to accept or reject a hypothesis chi-square is better.

Limitations:

-Generalizability of the study findings

-Issues or problems with the validity and reliability of results

-The inconsistency of collected data

-Inflexibility

-Less sample size

The relationship between patient safety climate and hospital readmission indicates that hospital staff perceptions of patient safety climate are associated with an important clinical outcome among patients admitted with AMI and HF. The present data indicate that better safety climate may also have measurable effects on the postdischarge outcome of readmissions. Moreover, associations between hospital staff's perceptions of safety climate and readmission rates varied by both management level and clinical work role.

Patient education at the time of initial admission is an important means to alter behavior and reduce the risk of readmission, however, hospitals with lower safety climate may be less likely to devote adequate effort to this educational process.

Measuring the accuracy of managers' perceptions of frontline processes, indicate that organizations may require dedicated initiatives in order to inform senior management involvement in improving patient care. The appropriateness of management perceptions of safety climate may be specifically important to the goal of delivering safe transitions because many evidence-based interventions to reduce readmission require new institutional processes (e.g., standardized discharge checklists) or institutional resources (e.g., follow-up phone calls to patients or pharmacist review of patients' medication regimens) and so rely on senior manager involvement.

The results of the study can be applied to the clinical staff and senior management for the patient favors thus reduce the incidence of readmission of the patient.

We can utilize the research findings in our management level and clinical staff thus they utilize their different work roles appear to offer unique insights into disease-specific readmission risk supports efforts to reduce hospital readmission through attention to differences between chronic disease exacerbations and other acute conditions.

We can thus improve the nurse-patient communication relationship or nurses' work role account for perceptions more reflective of hospitals' HF readmission outcomes, but a potential explanation may lie in the relatively extensive patient interaction offered in the nursing role and associated insight into patients' safety for discharge. In addition, of the diagnoses studied, HF management is perhaps the most dependent on patient education at discharge,a responsibility that often rests largely with nursing and may explain the relative accuracy of nurses' perceptions.