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A basic rule in capital budgeting is that if a project’s NPV is larger than or...

A basic rule in capital budgeting is that if a project’s NPV is larger than or equal to its IRR, then the project should be accepted. T/F

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Answer #1

The Statement is False.

Lets first understand what is NPV and what is IRR. Also the difference between the two.

In selecting/evaluating an project involves financial feasibility study, requiring to have an detailed financial analysis based on certain assumptions, workings and calculations like Projections for prices and cost, Period of estimation of the project, Financial alternatives, Financial statements and Computation of ratios such as debt-service coverage ratio (DSCR), net present value(NPV) or internal rate of return(IRR), Projected balance sheet and cash flow statement.

Net Present Value (NPV):

NPV = Present Value of Cash Flow - Initial Investment(s).

  • Thus from above it can be seen that, it involves comparison of PV of cash flows from the project and the initial investment(s) required for the respective project.
  • PV of project c/f are calculated by discounting, the year on year cash flows during the project life time.
  • Discounting rate used in such case is usually, the Weighted Average Cost of Capital(WACC)
  • Such WACC is %(rate) of historical average cost of funds from both Debt and Equity, where such WACC consider risk-free rates(Rf), market rate(Rm) & volatility.
  • In NPV cash flows are assumed to be re-invested at (%)rate of cost of capital.

Internal Rate of Return (IRR):

IRR is expressed in terms of %. It is expected annual rate of return earned from the project.

  • IRR is an discount rate where NPV of the project is zero. i.e IRR is an annual rate of the project where, rate(%) of return = rate of Cost of investement (%) of the project.
  • Thus, if IRR of the project is greater than the rate of cost of investment, then the project should be accepted.
  • Also there is an assumption in IRR calcuation that, all the cash flow generated from the project are re-invested at the rate of project. This is not true in all cases of the project.

Thus from above, NPV and IRR, both are methods in evaluating the project acceptance. However, in case of mutually exclusive investment projects, in some situations, they may give contradictory project proposals like NPV proposes one project while the IRR favours the other project.

Such difference in project proposals from NPV and IRR is due to the following.

  • Project Size disparity
  • Project time disparity and
  • Unequal expected life of the projects.

Thus, it not correct to compare the IRR and NPV of the same project. Because when IRR of the project = % of cost of capital, then NPV = 0.

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