Question

compare amd contrast each of the following four behavior change theories;

health belief model

social cognitive beahvior

transtheoretical model of change

theory of planned behvaior

Answer 1

HEALTH BELIEF MODEL

The health belief model is a pyshological model that attempts to explain and predict health behaviours.This is done by focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of indiduals.The HBM was first developed in the 1950 by social psychologists Hochbaum,Rosenstock and Kegels workong in the U.S.Public health services when social psychologists were asked to explain why people do not participatr in health behaviours.Accoring to the HBM,the following beliefs explain and predict health related behaviour:

1.perceived personal susceptibiloty

2.perceived severity

3.Perceived benifits

4.Perceived barriers

5.Cues to action

6.self efficacy

concepts and definitions in health belief model

_____________________________________________________________________cconcept Definition _____________________________________________________________________

perceived One's opimion of chances

susceptibility   of getting condition

Perceived severity Ones opinion of how serious a condition and its consequences

Perceived benefits One's belief in the efficacy of the advised action to reduce risk or seriousness of impact

Perceived Barriers One's opinion of the tangible and psychological costs of the advised action

Cues to Action strategies to activate readiness

Self Efficacy confidence in one's ability to take action

SOCIAL COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THEORY

Social cognitive theory is a learning theory.It is based on a basoc premise that people not only learn through their own experience but they learn by observing others within the context of social interactions,experiencies,the action of others and the results of those actions as well.This theory was advanced by Albert Bandura as an extension of his social.learning theory.He explain human behaviour in 3 ways: Dynamic,Reciprocal model in which personal factors,environmental influences,behaviout continually interact.

Key components of Social cognitive theory related to indidual behaviour change include

____________________________________________________________________ components

_____________________________________________________________________Self efficacy The belief that an individual has control over and is able to execute a behavior

Behavioural capibility   Understanding and having the skill to   perform a behavior.

Expectations Determining the outcomes of behavior change.

Expectancies Assigning a value to the outcomes of behaviour change

   

Self control Regulating and monitoring individual behavior.

Obeservational learning   Watching and observing outcomes of others performing or modeling the desired behavior.

Reinforcements Promoting incentives and rewards that encourage behavior change.

TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL OF CHANGE

This model of change is an intergrative theory of therapy that asses an indidus readiness to act on a new healthy behaviour,it provides strategies amd process of change to guide the indidual.It was developed by Prochaska and Diclemente in the late 1970's.

Stages of transtheoretical model of change...

stage 1 Precontemplation

ignore problems

Stage 2 contemplation

Aware of problem weight up pros and cons

Stage 3 Prepration

Plan behaviour change

stage 4 Action

Perform behaviour

Stage 5 Maintenance

Integrate new behaviour in daily life

Stage 6 Termination

no desire to return to their unhealthy behaviors

THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOUR

It is a theory that cinnects one's beleief and behaviour.It states attitufr toward behaviour.It states attitude toward behaviour subjective norms and perceived behaviour control together shape an indidual behaviour intention and behaviours.This theory of planned behaviour started as the theory of reasoned action in 1980 to predict an indidual intention to engage in a behaviour at a specific time and place.six constructs of TPB are

Attitude Subjective Norms Intention Behavior Perceived Behavioral Control

1. Attitudes - This refers to the degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the behavior of interest. It entails a consideration of the outcomes of performing the behavior.
2. Behavioral intention - This refers to the motivational factors that influence a given behavior where the stronger the intention to perform the behavior, the more likely the behavior will be performed.
3. Subjective norms - This refers to the belief about whether most people approve or disapprove of the behavior. It relates to a person's beliefs about whether peers and people of importance to the person think he or she should engage in the behavior.
4. Social norms - This refers to the customary codes of behavior in a group or people or larger cultural context. Social norms are considered normative, or standard, in a group of people.
5. Perceived power - This refers to the perceived presence of factors that may facilitate or impede performance of a behavior. Perceived power contributes to a person's perceived behavioral control over each of those factors.
6. Perceived behavioral control - This refers to a person's perception of the ease or difficulty of performing the behavior of interest. Perceived behavioral control varies across situations and actions, which results in a person having varying perceptions of behavioral control depending on the situation. This construct of the theory was added later, and created the shift from the Theory of Reasoned Action to the Theory of Planned Behavior