Question

Explain the mechanism of action and major adverse effects of lithium.

Answer 1

Lithium is a group medication used as an antipsychotic drug.

Mechanism of action:

Tye main action of it is inhibiting the function of receptors and neurotransmitters. They commonly inhibit the neurotransmitter of dopamine,glutamate,Gamma amino nitric acid, sodium myo inositol transporter .This inhibition and action of lithium in it decrease the symptoms of mania,depression. It activates the protein kinase C and MARCKS and protects the neuron.It activates the NMDA to release the influx of calcium to cells and protecting the cells.In simple the level 9f norepinephrine are reduced and the dopamine levels are increased to reduce the symptoms.

Adverse effects:

• GIT:polydypsia,nausea,vomiting, increased bowel movements/ diarrhea or constipation
• CVS:increase in WBC level
• CNS:dizziness ,memory loss,confusion, headache
• GUT:polyuria,renal toxicity
• Musculoskeletal:tremor,weakness,twitching
• Sensory :tinnitus
• Other:diabetes insipidus,severe decrease in thyroid level,weight gain, alopecia