• Discuss action, indication, side effects, adverse effects, nursing considerations/ patient education associated with administration of electrolytes, Blood and IV infusions.
Ans) Intravenous therapy is treatment that infuses intravenous solutions, medications, blood, or blood products directly into a vein. Intravenous therapy is an effective and fast-acting way to administer fluid or medication treatment in an emergency situation, and for patients who are unable to take medications orally.
- Approximately 80% of all patients in the hospital setting will receive intravenous therapy.
The most common reasons for IV therapy include:
• To replace fluids and electrolytes and maintain fluid and
electrolyte balance: The body’s fluid balance is regulated through
hormones and is affected by fluid volumes, distribution of fluids
in the body, and the concentration of solutes in the fluid. If a
patient is ill and has fluid loss related to decreased intake,
surgery, vomiting, diarrhea, or diaphoresis, the patient may
require IV therapy.
• To administer medications, including chemotherapy, anesthetics,
and diagnostic reagants: About 40% of all antibiotics are given
intravenously.
• To administer blood or blood products: The donated blood from
another individual can be used in surgery, to treat medical
conditions such as shock or trauma, or to treat a failure in the
production of red blood cells. The infusion restores circulating
volumes, improving the ability to carry oxygen and replace blood
components that are deficient in the body.
• To deliver nutrients and nutritional supplements: IV therapy can
deliver some or all of the nutritional requirements for patients
unable to obtain adequate amounts orally or by other routes.
- Guidelines Related to Intravenous Therapy
The following are general guidelines for peripheral IV therapy:
I• V fluid therapy is ordered by a physician or nurse
practitioner. The order must include the type of solution or
medication, rate of infusion, duration, date, and time. IV therapy
may be for short or long duration, depending on the needs of the
patient.
• IV therapy is an invasive procedure, and therefore significant
complications can occur if the wrong amount of IV fluids or the
incorrect medication is given.
• Aseptic technique must be maintained throughout all IV therapy
procedures, including initiation of IV therapy, preparing and
maintaining equipment, and discontinuing an IV system. Always
perform hand hygiene before handling all IV equipment. If an
administration set or solution becomes contaminated with a
non-sterile surface, it should be replaced with a new one to
prevent introducing bacteria or other contaminants into the
system.
• Understand the indications and duration for IV therapy for
each patient. Practice guidelines recommend that patients receiving
IV therapy for more than six days should be assessed for an
intermediate or long-term device.
If a patient has an order to keep a vein open, or “TKVO,” the usual
rate of infusion is 20 to 50 ml per hour.
- Complications may occur with IV therapy, including but not
limited to localized infection, catheter-related bloodstream
infection (CR-BSI), fluid overload, and complications related to
the type and amount of solution or medication given.
For an infusing peripheral IV, the site must be assessed every 2
hours and p.r.n.
A saline lock site must be assessed every 12 hours and p.r.n.
- An IV therapy nurse inserts, monitors and removes an IV used to give medications, blood products and nutrition to a patient. During the IV therapy, the nurse monitors the patient for adverse reactions and ensures that the tubing, bandages and needle stay in place.
• Discuss action, indication, side effects, adverse effects, nursing considerations/ patient education associated with administration of...
Discuss two medications for treating nausea and vomiting (including action, side effects/adverse effects, contraindications and patient teaching).You may include any nonprescription or nonpharmacologic measures. In addition to, discuss two medications for treating diarrhea and constipation (including action, side effects/adverse effects, contraindications and patient teaching) include any nonpharmacologic measures. Creating a test question related to the medications. Include the test question, answer, and detailed rationale.
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