Homework Answers
15. Difference between graded potential and action potential.
| Features | Graded potential | Action potential |
| used for short distance communication | used for long distance communication | |
| Location | sensory receptors,dendrites and cell body | axon |
| Production | movement of Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+ across plasma membrane | Na+ K+ pump through voltage gated channels. |
| Duration | milliseconds to seconds which varies with duration of triggering stimuli | 1-2 millisecond and it is constant. |
| Strength | weak, proportional to the stimulus and decreases with distance from stimulus. | Large strength around 100mV |
| Direction of change in membrane potential | depolarizing or hyperpolarizing | depolarizing |
Graded potential occur in dendrites (post-synaptic plasma membrane) or soma of neuron. Action potential occur in the axon of the neuron.
16. GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter which is synthesized from glutamate. GABAa receptors are the receptors which open chloride channels and limit or inhibit the action potential by decreasing the membrane potential.
Thus the answer is,
The most widely used inhibitory neurotransmitter is Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, or GABA. This neurotransmitter open up Cl- (chloride) ion channels in the post synaptic membrane. Ions rush(in/out) bring the cell(closer to /further from) threshold level.
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Ldlicu upon 16 What is the difference between a graded potential and an action potential? Where...
Action Potential Action Potential (AP) arises in presynaptic neuron Travels to Causes End of presynaptic neuron...
Action Potential Action Potential (AP) arises in presynaptic neuron Travels to Causes End of presynaptic neuron Leads to 2 Located in Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential begins at 6 Cl-gates open I s When Causing Depolarization to +30mV next opening 10 Nonmyelinated axons Myelinated axons Current spreads through each segment Current spreads by---- 11 Action Potential Word Bank ŠMU Auso Neurotransmitters bind to receptors K+ gates Ca++ gates open Hyperpolarization Saltatory Release of Neurotransmitters Postsynaptic neuron Repolarization -55mV Na+ gates open Inhibitory...
If necessary, refer to Animation: Chemical Synapses. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal: sodium...
If necessary, refer to Animation: Chemical Synapses. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal: sodium ions are released from the axon terminal, enter the cell body of the postsynaptic neuron through its sodium channels, and may initiate an action potential in that neuron. neurotransmitter molecules are released from the axon terminal and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, causing either an inhibitory hyperpolarization or an excitatory depolarization. neurotransmitter molecules are released from the axon terminal, bind to and...
CNCORA 6 of 10 > Action potentials in neurons involve opening and closing of voltage-gated Nat...
CNCORA 6 of 10 > Action potentials in neurons involve opening and closing of voltage-gated Nat and K ion channels. Place the events of an action potential in order, starting and ending with a cell at its resting membrane potential. Resting state Return to resting state Answer Bank A graded potential brings the membrane to threshold potential. Fast Na+ and slow K* channels are activated. Nat rushes into the cell, causing membrane depolarization. K channels close slowly, resulting in hyperpolarization....
Two neurons, A and B, synapse onto a third neuron, C. If neurotransmitter from neuron A...
Two neurons, A and B, synapse onto a third neuron, C. If neurotransmitter from neuron A opens ligand-gated channels permeable to sodium (Na) ions, and neurotransmitter from neuron B opens ligand-gated chloride (CI") channels, which of the following statements is true? Hint: Drawing a simple diagram may help visualize this scenario. Select one: a. An action potential in neuron A causes a depolarizing EPSP in neuron B. b. An action potential in neuron B causes a depolarizing EPSP in neuron...
2. Neuron during an action potential: a. What triggers the first action potential (which ion)? b....
2. Neuron during an action potential: a. What triggers the first action potential (which ion)? b. What is the typical threshold potential of a neuron? c. The calculated equilibrium potential of Na+ (EN) is approx. +60mV (calculated). Explain how this is related to the rising phase of an action potential (depolarization). d. The calculated equilibrium potential of K+ (EK) is approx. -90mV. Explain how this is related to the falling phase (repolarization). e. Direction of Nation movement (influx/efflux). f. Direction...
Question 4 2 pts During and action potential, sodium (Na+) rushes into the cell causing of...
Question 4 2 pts During and action potential, sodium (Na+) rushes into the cell causing of the cell. Then sodium channels close and potassium (K+) rushes out of the cell, causing of the cell. However, the potassium overshoots and causes Question 5 2 pts During the refractory period, the pumps Na+ ions out of the cell and K+ions into the cell, re-establishing the resting membrane potential and concentration gradient. Serotonin Acetylcholine Glutamate Endorphins Barbiturates GABA Dopamine Cocaine Sodium Potassium Calcium...
The depolarization phase of the action potential of skeletal muscle cells ends when the ? a....
The depolarization phase of the action potential of skeletal muscle cells ends when the ? a. Na+ activation gates close. B. Na+ activation gates open. c. Na+ inactivation gates close. d. Na+ inactivation gates open. e. K+ voltage gated channels open. What is the correct choice.
Neuron Signaling and Muscle Contraction 1) “Dissect” the various parts of an action potential by describing...
Neuron Signaling and Muscle Contraction 1) “Dissect” the various parts of an action potential by describing the status (active or nonactive) of the voltage-gated sodium channel, voltage-gated potassium channel, sodium/potassium pump, and overall voltage and/ or voltage range (in millivolts, or mV) for each of the following. A) Resting membrane (prior to the initiation of an action potential) B) just before threshold to just after threshold (Depolarization) C) Rising phase of the action potential D) Falling phase of the action...
15. (1) Thempaa loitin ng Identify each phase 1-4. 16. (2) Membrane potential (mV) 17. (3)...
15. (1) Thempaa loitin ng Identify each phase 1-4. 16. (2) Membrane potential (mV) 17. (3) Threshold 18. (4) Time (ms) Permeability to which ion causes depolarization? Permeability to which ion causes repolarization? During repolarization, which channels are INACTIVATED? mV What is threshold potential? (in mV) mV What is the "OVERSHOOT"? (in mv) my What is the "UNDERSHOOT" or hyperpolarization? (in mV) 2 mV What is the resting membrane potential? (in mv) Is this a GRADED or ACTION potential? VOUS...
all of them please Question z pus Action potential. How is the cell membrane able to...
all of them please
Question z pus Action potential. How is the cell membrane able to repolarize back to rest? influx of Na+ currents efflux of K+ currents influx of K+ currents efflux of Na+ currents Question 6 2 pts Neurons that convey motor commands to the bladder are visceral motor somatic motor visceral sensory somatic sensory Question 7 2 pts Action potential. During hyperpolarization the cell membrane is in a state of relative refractory period. the cell membrane is...
Action Potential Action Potential (AP) arises in presynaptic neuron Travels to Causes End of presynaptic neuron Leads to 2 Located in Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential begins at 6 Cl-gates open I s When Causing Depolarization to +30mV next opening 10 Nonmyelinated axons Myelinated axons Current spreads through each segment Current spreads by---- 11 Action Potential Word Bank ŠMU Auso Neurotransmitters bind to receptors K+ gates Ca++ gates open Hyperpolarization Saltatory Release of Neurotransmitters Postsynaptic neuron Repolarization -55mV Na+ gates open Inhibitory...
CNCORA 6 of 10 > Action potentials in neurons involve opening and closing of voltage-gated Nat and K ion channels. Place the events of an action potential in order, starting and ending with a cell at its resting membrane potential. Resting state Return to resting state Answer Bank A graded potential brings the membrane to threshold potential. Fast Na+ and slow K* channels are activated. Nat rushes into the cell, causing membrane depolarization. K channels close slowly, resulting in hyperpolarization....
Two neurons, A and B, synapse onto a third neuron, C. If neurotransmitter from neuron A opens ligand-gated channels permeable to sodium (Na) ions, and neurotransmitter from neuron B opens ligand-gated chloride (CI") channels, which of the following statements is true? Hint: Drawing a simple diagram may help visualize this scenario. Select one: a. An action potential in neuron A causes a depolarizing EPSP in neuron B. b. An action potential in neuron B causes a depolarizing EPSP in neuron...
2. Neuron during an action potential: a. What triggers the first action potential (which ion)? b. What is the typical threshold potential of a neuron? c. The calculated equilibrium potential of Na+ (EN) is approx. +60mV (calculated). Explain how this is related to the rising phase of an action potential (depolarization). d. The calculated equilibrium potential of K+ (EK) is approx. -90mV. Explain how this is related to the falling phase (repolarization). e. Direction of Nation movement (influx/efflux). f. Direction...
Question 4 2 pts During and action potential, sodium (Na+) rushes into the cell causing of the cell. Then sodium channels close and potassium (K+) rushes out of the cell, causing of the cell. However, the potassium overshoots and causes Question 5 2 pts During the refractory period, the pumps Na+ ions out of the cell and K+ions into the cell, re-establishing the resting membrane potential and concentration gradient. Serotonin Acetylcholine Glutamate Endorphins Barbiturates GABA Dopamine Cocaine Sodium Potassium Calcium...
15. (1) Thempaa loitin ng Identify each phase 1-4. 16. (2) Membrane potential (mV) 17. (3) Threshold 18. (4) Time (ms) Permeability to which ion causes depolarization? Permeability to which ion causes repolarization? During repolarization, which channels are INACTIVATED? mV What is threshold potential? (in mV) mV What is the "OVERSHOOT"? (in mv) my What is the "UNDERSHOOT" or hyperpolarization? (in mV) 2 mV What is the resting membrane potential? (in mv) Is this a GRADED or ACTION potential? VOUS...
all of them please
Question z pus Action potential. How is the cell membrane able to repolarize back to rest? influx of Na+ currents efflux of K+ currents influx of K+ currents efflux of Na+ currents Question 6 2 pts Neurons that convey motor commands to the bladder are visceral motor somatic motor visceral sensory somatic sensory Question 7 2 pts Action potential. During hyperpolarization the cell membrane is in a state of relative refractory period. the cell membrane is...
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